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{{Top}}mère{{Bottom}} ==Sigmund Freud=====Love Object===In [[Freud]]'s account of the '''[[Oedipus complex]]''', the [[mother]] is the first '''[[love]] [[object]]''' of the [[child]]; it is only the [[intervention]] of the '''[[father]]''', via the [[threat]] of '''[[castration]]''', which forces the [[child]] to give up his '''[[desire]]''' for the [[mother]]. ==Melanie Klein=====Dual Relation===In the [[work]] of [[Melanie Klein]], the emphasis shifted from the [[role]] of the '''[[father]]''' to the [[genital|pre-genital]] [[mother|mother-child]] '''[[dual relation|relation]]'''; the latter was described as a [[sadistic]] relation in which the [[development|child]] makes (in [[fantasy]]) vicious attacks on the [[mother]]'s [[fragmented body|body]] and then [[phobia|fear]]s retaliation from her. ==Jacques Lacan=====Devouring Mother===In his [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|pre-war writings]], [[Jacques Lacan|Lacan]] alludes several [[times]] to [[Melanie Klein]]'s work, and describes the cannibalistic [[fantasy|fantasies]] of devouring, and [[being]] devoured by, the [[mother]]. [[Lacan]] argues that the first of the [[complex|family complex]]es is the [[complex|weaning complex]], in which the interrruption of the [[dual relation|symbiotic relation]] with the [[mother]] leaves a permanent trace in the [[development|child]]'s [[psyche]]. He also describes the [[death drive]] as a ''nostalgic [[yearning]]'' to [[return]] to this relation of fusion with the [[mother]]'s [[mother|breast]]. This view of the [[mother]] as an engulfing force which threatens to devour the [[child]] is a constant theme in [[Jacques Lacan|Lacan]]'s [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|work]] thereafter.<ref>{{S4}} p. 195; {{S17}} p. 118</ref> ===Socio-Symbolic World===[[Lacan]] argues that the [[child]] must detach himself from the '''[[imaginary]] [[dual relation|relation]]''' with the [[mother]] in [[order]] to enter the [[symbolic|social world]]; failure to do so can result in any one of various peculiarities ranging from [[phobia]] to [[perversion]]. ===Paternal Function===Since the [[agent]] who helps the [[child]] to overcome the primary attachment to the [[mother]] is the [[father]], these peculiarities may also be said to result from a failure of the [[Name-of-the-Father|paternal function]]. ===Oedipus Complex===Hence much of [[Lacan]]'s work is aimed at shifting the emphasis in [[psychoanalytic theory]] from the [[mother|mother-child]] relation (the [[preoedipal]], the prototype of the [[imaginary]]) back onto the role of the [[father]] (the [[Oedipus complex]], the prototype of the [[symbolic]]). ===Desire of the Mother===According to [[Freud]], a [[woman]]'s [[desire]] to have a [[development|child]] is rooted in her [[envy]] of the [[man]]'s [[penis]]. When the [[girl]] first realizes that she does not possess a [[penis]], she feels deprived of something valuable, and seeks to compensate for this by obtaining a [[child]] as a [[symbolic]] [[fetish|substitute]] for the [[penis]] she has been denied.<ref>{{F}} "[[Works of Sigmund Freud|The Dissolution of the Oedipus Complex]]," 1924d. [[SE]] XIX, 173.</ref> ===Symbolic Phallus===[[Lacan]] follows [[Freud]], arguing that the [[child]] always represents for the [[mother]] a [[fetish|substitute]] for the '''[[phallus|symbolic phallus]]''' which she [[lacks]] (see [[privation]]). However, [[Lacan]] emphasizes that the [[fetish|substitute]] never really [[desire|satisfies]] the [[mother]]; her [[desire]] for the [[phallus]] persists even after she has had a [[child]]. ==="Che Vuoi?"===The [[development|child]] soon realizes that he does not completely [[desire|satisfy]] the [[mother]]'s '''[[desire]]''', that her [[desire]] aims at something beyond him, and thus attempts to decipher this enigmatic [[desire]]; he must work out an answer to the question ''[[Che vuoi?]]'' ("What do you [[want]] from me?"). ===Imaginary Phallus===The answer the [[child]]] comes up with is that what the [[mother]] [[desire]]s is the '''[[phallus|imaginary phallus]]'''. The [[child]] then seeks to [[desire|satisfy]] the [[mother]]'s [[desire]] by [[identification|identifying]] with the '''[[phallus|imaginary phallus]]''' (or by [[identifying]] with the [[mother|phallic mother]], the [[mother]] imagined as possessing the [[phallus]]). In this [[game]] of "to be or not to be the phallus," the [[child]] is completely at the mercy of the capricious [[desire]] of the [[mother]], [[helplessness|helpless]] in the face of her omnipotence.<ref>{{S4}} p. 69, 187</ref> ===Anxiety===However, this [[sense]] of [[helplessness|powerlessness]] may not give rise to much '''[[anxiety]]''' at first; for a [[time]], the [[child]] experiences his attempts at being the [[phallus]] as a relatively [[satisfying]] game of [[seduction]]. It is only when the [[development|child]]'s [[drive|sexual drive]]s begin to stire (e.g. in [[infantile]] [[masturbation]]), and an element of the [[real]] is thus introduced into the [[imaginary]] game, that the omnipotence of the [[mother]] begins to provoke greater [[anxiety]] in the [[development|child]]. This '''[[anxiety]]''' is manifested in [[images]] of being devoured by the [[mother]], and is only resolved by the intervention of the [[real]] [[father]] who castrates the [[child]] in the [[third]] time of the [[Oedipus complex]]. ===Imaginary, Symbolic and Real Mother===[[Lacan]] argues that it is important to distinguish between the [[mother|real mother]], the [[mother|symbolic mother]], and the [[mother|imaginary mother]]. The [[mother]] manifests herself in the [[real]] as the primary caretaker of the [[infant]]. The [[infant]] is incapable of [[satisfaction|satisfying]] its own [[needs]] and so depends absolutely on an [[Other]] to care for him (see [[helplessness]]). ===Symbolic Mother===The [[mother]] is first of all [[symbolic]]; she only becomes [[real]] by [[frustration|frustrating]] the [[subject]]'s [[demand]] (see [[frustration]]). When the [[mother]] ministers to the [[infant]], bringing him the [[object]]s that will [[desire|satisfy]] his [[needs]], these [[object]]s soon take on a [[symbolic]] function that completely eclipses their real funciton; the [[object]]s are seen as gifts, symbolic tokens of the [[mother]]'s [[love]]. Finally, it is the [[mother]]'s [[presence]] which testifies to this [[love]], even if she does not bring any [[real]] [[object]] with her. Consequently, the [[mother]]'s [[absence]] is experienced as a ''[[traumatic]] [[rejection]]'', as a [[lack|loss]] of her [[love]]. ===Symbolization===[[Freud]] showed how the [[child]] attempts to cope with this [[castration|loss]] by [[symbol|symbolizing]] the [[mother]]'s '''[[presence]]''' and '''[[absence]]''' in [[games]] and [[language]]. [[Lacan]] regards this primary [[symbolization]] as the [[child]]'s first steps into the [[symbolic|symbolic order]]."<ref>{{S4}} p. 67-</ref> The [[mother]] which interests [[psychoanalytic theory]] is thus above all the [[mother|symbolic mother]], the [[mother]] in her role as the primordial [[Other]]. It is she who introduces the [[child]] into [[language]] by [[interpretation|interpreting]] the [[child]]'s screams and thereby [[retroactively]] determining their [[signification|meaning]] (see [[punctuation]]). ===Imaginary Mother===The [[mother]] is manifested in the [[imaginary|imaginary order]] in a [[number]] of [[specular image|image]]s. One important [[specular image|image]] that has aleady been mentioned is that of the devouring [[mother]] which is at the root of [[anxiety]]. [[Another]] important [[mother|maternal image]] is that of the [[mother|phallic mother]], the [[mother]] imagined as possessing the [[phallus|imaginary phallus]]. ===Real Mother===Lacan’s remarks on [[the Real]] Mother are few and far between, but it is a safe bet to assume that the Real Mother is none other than the [[das Ding|Thing]] itself, as the ultimate [[object of desire]]. The Real Mother is the one we are once united with, or indeed the One beyond all symbolization itself. ==See Also=={{See}}* [[Absence]]* [[Anxiety]]* [[Demand]]||* [[Desire]]* [[Drive]]* [[Dual relation]]||* [[Father]]* [[Frustration]]* [[Helplessness]]||* [[Language]]* [[Lack]]* [[Love]]||* [[Name-of-the-Father]]* [[Need]]* [[Oedipus complex]]||* [[Other]]* [[Phallus]]* [[Privation]]{{Also}}* [http://www.ny-liability-insurance.com/ Liability Insurance NY]==References==<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small"><references/></div> {{OK}}[[Category:Imaginary]] __NOTOC__
