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Name-of-the-Father

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==Dictionary==
Originally used by ==Jacques Lacan==[[Jacques Lacan]] to describe developed the [[castration|castrating]] [[father]] concept of the [[Oedipus complex]] who personifies the [[taboo]] on [[incest]], the expression is at once a semi-humorous religious allusion (''In nomine patris'') and a play on the near-homonyms ''non'' and ''nom'': the nameName-of-the-father (''nom-du-père'') is also the [[fatherFather]]'s 'no' (''non-le nom du-père'') to the [[child]]'s [[incest]]uous [[desire]] for the [[mother]].In [[Lacan]]'s 1955-6 [[seminar]], [[The Psychoses]], the [[name-of-the-father]] is described as the fundamental [[signifier]] that both confers [[identity]] on [[human]] [[subject]]s by situating them in a lineage and the [[symbolic]] [[order]], and reiterates the [[prohibition]] on [[incest]].The [[foreclosure]] of the [[name-of-the-father]], or its expulsion from the [[subject]]'s [[symbolic]] universe, is said by [[Lacan]] to be the mechanism that triggers [[psychosis]].
The expression is capitalized and hyphenated in the [[seminar]] on [[The Psychoses]].
==Definition==
Jacques Lacan introduced the notion of the "Name-of-the-Father." By it he meant that every signifier, by its connection, not to an object, but rather to another signifier (Ferdinand de Saussure), symbolizes the lack that it introduces into being. As the particular symbolizer produces this effect while at the same time transforming it, the Name-of-the-Father enables human beings to tolerate and maintain desire. Without it, lack is experienced as a devouring force (cf. the case of Little Hans, Freud, 1909b) or a sucking force, the representation of a wound in the maternal body that is the source of a debt that can never be repaid.
The child discovers this name as a metaphor for the enigmatic object desired by the mother in the body of the child's father. Thus, the child can find his way to one of two ways of assuming for this phallus; he can either have it like the father, or be it, in order to be desired.
The Oedipus complex makes the father the agent of the prohibition that makes it the impossible to access the object-cause-of-desire. Lacan's structural analysis shows that the father is not himself the guarantor of the symbolic law, but is the one who authorizes desire. "[T]he true function of the Father . . . is fundamentally to unite (and not to oppose) a desire to the Law," he wrote in "Subversion of the Subject and Dialectic of Desire" (Lacan, p. 309).
In the Other, the phallus thus no longer symbolizes a devouring agency, but instead one that rejoices if the subject experiences sexual enjoyment (jouissance) and procreates. Only one father can take on such a function, to the point of identifying with the phallus as symbolized by the dead Father.
It is understandable The Oedipus complex makes the father the agent of the prohibition that some religions hold non-procreative sexual enjoyment (jouissance) to be sacrilegious, thus defrauding makes it the phallic symbol by defying or abusing the dead Father. Religion's traditional function is impossible to affirm access the primacy object-cause-of sexual enjoyment against the destructive, abnormal forms of enjoyment that are in fashion-desire.
CHARLES MELMAN See also: Fatherhood; Foreclosure; Imaginary identification/symbolic identification; Infantile psychosis; Metaphor; Metonymy; Myth of origins; Parade of signifiers; Phobias in children; Psychoses, chronic and delusional; Real, the (Lacan); Real, Symbolic, and Imaginary father; Repudiation; Schizophrenia; Seminar, Lacan's; Signifier; Signifier/signified; Signifying chain; Superego; Symptom/sinthome.Bibliography  * French [[psychoanalyst]] [[Jacques Lacan, Jacques. (2002). The subversion of ]] revised the subject [[oedipus complex]] in line with his [[structuralism|structuralist]] attempt to combine [[psychoanalysis]] and the dialectic of desire in the Freudian subconscious. In Écrits: A selection (Bruce Fink, Trans.). New York: Norton[[linguistics]].
The [[father]] is no longer a [[biology|biological]] father, but a function of a father: the [[Name-of-the-Father]].
== def==
The '''Name of the Father''' refers to the [[Law|laws]] and restrictions that control both [[desire]] and the rules of [[communication]], according to [[Lacan]].
The Name-of-the-Father is closely bound up with the [[superego]], the [[phallus]], the [[symbolic]] [[order]], and the [[oedipus complex]].
The '[[Name-of-the-Father]] has a ' refers to the [[law]]s and restrictions that control both [[shadow doubledesire]] in and the rules of [[Father-of-Enjoymentcommunication]].
The [[Name of the Father]]' (Fr. ‘’Nom du père’’) , is the [[signifier]] associated with the [[signified]] [[concept]] of the [[father]].
The name of the Father is a [[symbolic]] formation.
<blockquote>“It is in the ‘name of the father’ that we must recognize the support of the symbolic function which, from the dawn of history, has identified his person with the figure of the law.”<ref>Lacan, Jacques. Écrits. p.67</ref></blockquote>
 
 
In [[Lacan]]'s 1955-6 [[seminar]], [[The Psychoses]], the [[name-of-the-father]] is described as the fundamental [[signifier]] that both confers [[identity]] on [[human]] [[subject]]s by situating them in a lineage and the [[symbolic]] [[order]], and reiterates the [[prohibition]] on [[incest]].
 
 
 
 
 
===The “No” of the Father===
In the French language, the expression “the name of the father” (“’’le ''le nom du père’’”père'') is phonetically similar to the expression “the ‘no’ of the father” (“’’le ''le ‘non’ du père’’”père'').
Lacan plays on this similarity to emphasize the prohibitive function of the symbolic father (the ‘no’ of the [[incest]] [[taboo]]).
 The term is a play on the near-homonyms ''non'' and ''nom''. The "[[Name-of-the-Father]]" (''[[nom-du-père]]'') can be read the "'No' of the [[Father]]" (''non-du-père''). The 'No' refers to the [[symbolic]] [[prohibition]] The 'No' of the [[Father]] to the [[desire]] of the [[child]] for [[incest]]uous relations with the [[mother]].The 'No' of the [[Father]] to the [[child]]'s [[incest]]uous [[desire]] for the [[mother]].    ==The PsychosesLanguage==In ‘’ The [[The_psychoses|The SeminarName of the Father]]' (Fr. ‘’Nom du père’’) , Book III: is the [[signifier]] associated with the [[signified]] [[concept]] of the [[father]]. The Psychosesname of the Father is a [[symbolic]]’’ the expression becomes capitalized and hyphenatedformation.   The [[Name-of-the-Father]] is now the [[fundamental signifier]] which permtis permits [[signification]] to proceed normally.  
This fundamental signifier both confers [[identity]] on the [[subject]] (insofar as it names him, positions him within the symbolic order, etc.) and signifies the [[oedipus complex|oedipal]] [[prohibition]], the ‘no’ of the [[incest]] [[taboo]].
 
 
 
==Psychosis==
The [[foreclosure]] of the [[name-of-the-father]], or its expulsion from the [[subject]]'s [[symbolic]] universe, is said by [[Lacan]] to be the mechanism that triggers [[psychosis]].
 
If this signifier is foreclosed (not included in the symbolic order), the result is [[psychosis]].
Nevertheless, [[Jacques Lacan]] developed this concept with the ultimately unsuccessful aim of curing psychosis.
== Linguistics ==
French [[psychoanalyst]] [[Jacques Lacan]] revised the [[oedipus complex]] in line with his [[structuralism|structuralist]] attempt to combine [[psychoanalysis]] and [[linguistics]].
Lacan claimed that, although the [[infant]] must come to [[identification|identify]] with the [[father]] (in order to participate in ==Outside Language==  The [[sexual relationsphallus]]), the infant could never ‘become’ the father (as this would imply sexual relations with the a [[motherrepresentation]]).The position of the [[fathermastery]] could , can never be held by the [[infant]]reached. Thus, through the dictates on the one hand to be the father and on the other not to, the father is elevated to an [[ideal]].The [[father]] is no longer a [[biology|biological]] father, but a function of a father: the [[Name-of-the-Father]].
The [[father]] is above or [[outside]] the [[structure]] of [[language]].
[[Language]] relies on the [[absence]] of the [[phallus]] from the [[structure]] of [[signification]].
The same goes for the mother &mdash; Lacan no longer talks of a real mother[[Language]] would not make sense, but simply of or produce [[desire (Lacanian)|desiremeaning]], which is a desire to return to if the undifferentiated state of [[phallus]] were not '[[outside]]'being'' together with the mother, before the interference through the Name-of-the-Father. This desire necessarily lacks something, i.e. it is a desire of lack.
The father and accordingly the phallus (not a ''real'' penis, but a representation of [[master]]y) can never be reached, thus he is above or outside the language system and cannot be spoken about.
All language relies on this absence of the phallus from the system of [[signification]].
According to this theory, without a phallus ''outside'' of language, nothing ''in'' language would make sense or could be differentiated.
Thus Lacan remodels the linguistic theory of Swiss linguist [[Ferdinand de Saussure]].
It is this idea that forms the basis of much contemporary thought, especially [[poststructuralism]].
Nothing can be thought that is ''outside'' of language, but the phallus ''is'' there and therefore structures the whole system of thought accordingly.
Oedipus could also be thought of the theme of the story. 
==Freud vs Lacan==
In ''[[Totem and Taboo]]'', [[Sigmund Freud]] uses a theory of the history, based on Darwin's [[theory of evolution]], in which there was first a terrible father that the brothers had to kill.
Feeling guilty about it, the brothers began to pay homage to the father and founded [[monotheism]].
In Lacan's theory, the learning of [[language]] leads the child to kill his father as a [[symbol]].
Lacan does not use any historical theory.
This concept allows a new understanding of [[neurosis]].
 
 
 
In ''[[Totem and Taboo]]'', [[Sigmund Freud]]
 
There was a [[father]] which the brothers killed.
 
The brothers felt guilty about killing their [[father]].
 
 
 
 
==Associations==
The Name-of-the-Father is closely bound up with the [[superego]], the [[phallus]], the [[symbolic]] [[order]], and the [[oedipus complex]].
 
 
The [[Name-of-the-Father]] has a [[shadow double]] in the [[Father-of-Enjoyment]].
 
 
* [[Fatherhood]]
* [[Foreclosure]]
* [[Identification
* [[Metaphor]]
* [[Metonymy]]
* [[Myth of origins]]
* [[Phobia]]
* [[Psychosis]]
* [[Real,
* [[Schizophrenia]]
* [[Seminar]]
* [[Signifier]]
* [[Signified]]
* [[Signifying chain]]
* [[Superego]]
* [[Symptom]]
* [[Sinthome]]
 
==References==
<references/>
* Lacan, Jacques. (2002). The subversion of the subject and the dialectic of desire in the Freudian subconscious. In Écrits: A selection (Bruce Fink, Trans.). New York: Norton.
[[category:Freudian psychology]]
[[Category:Psychoanalytic theory]]
[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
[[Category:Terms]]
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
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