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Further reflection on [[narcissism]], and the post-[[Freudian]] [[clinic]], have led to theories in which the notion of [[narcissistic injury]] occupies a central place, as well as to developments and modifications in [[psychoanalytic]] [[technique]].
In the [[United SatesStates]], the "Self Psychology" of Heinz Kohut and the description of borderline states and narcissistic personalities by Otto Kernberg have made this category central, allowing the evaluation of psychic organization and serving as [[transference]]-[[countertransference]] guide in the course of the [[analysis]].
Heinz Kohut particularly has stressed the significance of "narcissistic rage" as a reaction to [[narcissistic injury]]: faced with the failure of the [[self]]-[[object]], narcissistic rage would be the aggressive result of [[shame]].
