Changes
Nature
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=Jacques Lacan=
==Human Beings and Animals==
A constant theme running throughout [[Lacan]]'s [[work]] is the [[distinction]] he draws between [[human]] [[being]]s and [[other]] [[animal]]s, or, as [[Lacan]] puts it, between "[[nature|human society]]" and "[[nature|animal society]]."<ref>{{S1}} p. 223</ref>
The basis of this distinction is [[language]]; [[human]]s have [[language]], whereas [[animal]]s merely have [[code]]s.
===Paternal Function===The regulation of kinship by the [[incest]] [[taboo]] points to the fact that the [[Name-of-the-Father|paternal function]] is at the heart of the rift between [[human]]s and [[animal]]s. By inscribing a line of descent from [[male]] to [[male]] and thus ordering a series of generations, the [[Father]] marks the difference between the [[symbolic]] and the [[imaginary]].
===Human and Animal Imaginary===In other [[Lacanwords]], what is unique [[about]] [[human]] [[being]]s is not that in [[human]] [[being]]s the [[imaginary]] [[order]] is highly critical distorted by the added dimension of all such attempts to explain the phenomena [[symbolic]]. The [[imaginary]] is what [[animal]]s and [[human]] [[being]]s have in terms common, except that in [[human]] [[being]]s it is no longer a natural [[imaginary]]. Hence [[Lacan]] repudiates "the [[doctrine]] of a discontinuity between animal psychology and human psychology which is far away from our [[naturethought]]."<ref>{{Ec}} p.484</ref>
===Symbolic Alienation from Natural Order===
[[Lacan]] is highly critical of all such attempts to explain the phenomena in terms of [[nature]]. He argues that they are based on a failure to recognize the importance of the [[symbolic order]], which radically [[alienation|alienates]] [[human]] [[being]]s from the [[natural]] [[order]].
===Mythical Pre-Linguistic State of Nature===[[Lacan]] thus argues that "the [[Freudian ]] discovery teaches us that all natural [[harmony ]] in man is profoundly disconcerted."<ref>{{S3}} p. 83</ref> There is not even a pure [[nature|natural state]] at the beginning in which the [[human]] [[subject]] might [[exist]] before being caught up in the [[symbolic]] [[order]].
[[Need]] is never [[present ]] in a pure [[pre-oedipal phase|pre-[[linguisticstate]] state in the [[human ]] [[being]]: such a '"[[mythical' ]]" [[linguistic|pre-linguistic ]] [[need]] can only be hypothesized after it has been articulated in [[demand]].
===Human Sexuality, Nature and Culture===
The [[absence]] of a [[natural]] [[order]] in [[human]] [[existence]] can be seen most clearly in [[human]] [[sexuality]]. [[Freud]] and [[Lacan]] both argue that [[human]] [[sexuality]] is entirely caught up in the [[cultural]] [[order]].
====Instincts and Drives====
Whereas [[animal]] [[instincts]] are relatively invariable, [[human]] [[sexuality]] is governed by [[drive]]s which are extremely variable and do not aim at a [[biology|biological]] function.
==See Also==
{{See}}* [[Adaptation]]* [[Alienation]]* [[Biology]]||* [[lawCode]]* [[prohibitionCulture]]* [[biologyDrive]]||* [[Instinct]]* [[Language]]* [[Law]]||* [[Need]]* [[Perversion]]* [[Sexual relationship]]{{Also}}
== References ==
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[[Category:Culture]]
[[Category:Anthropology]]
[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
[[Category:Science]]
[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
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