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=Jacques Lacan==Nature =Human Beings and LanguageAnimals==A constant theme running throughout [[Jacques Lacan]] posits a 's [[work]] is the [[distinction ]] he draws between [[human]] [[being]]s and [[other ]] [[animal]]s, the basis of which is or, as [[Lacan]] puts it, between "[[nature|human society]]" and "[[languagenature|animal society]]."<ref>{{S1}} p.223</ref>
===Languages and Codes===The basis of this distinction is [[Humanlanguage]]; [[human]]s have [[language]], whereas [[animal]]s merely have [[code]]s.
==Nature and Culture=Double Sense of the Term===Within the context of this bindary opposition between [[Lacanhuman]] adopts the traditional [[anthropology|anthropologicalbeing]] opposition between s and other [[natureanimal]] and s, [[cultureLacan]] (uses the term "[[culturenature]] being, " in a [[Lacancomplex]]ian terms, the [[symbolicdouble]] [[ordersense]]).
==Incest ProhibitionNature / Culture Opposition==Like On the one hand, he uses it to designate one term in the opposition, namely the [[Claude Levi-Straussnature|animal world]] and other . In this sense, [[Lacan]] adopts the traditional [[anthropology|anthropologistsanthropological]], opposition between [[Lacannature]] points to the and [[prohibitionculture]] of ([[incestculture]] as the kernel of the being, in [[law|legalLacan]] ian [[structureterms]]] which differentiates , the [[culturesymbolic]] from [[natureorder]]).
<blockquote>The regulation of kinship by the [[incest]] primordial Law is therefore that which in regulating [[taboomarriage]] points to superimposes the fact kingdom of culture on that of a nature abandoned to the paternal function is at the heart law of the rift between [[human]]s and [[animal]]smating.<ref>{{E}} p.66</ref></blockquote>
===Paternal Function===The regulation of kinship by the [[incest]] [[taboo]] points to the fact that the [[Name-of-the-Father|paternal function]] is at the heart of the rift between [[human]]s and [[animal]]s. By insribing inscribing a line of descent from [[male]] to [[male]] and thus ordering a series of generations, the [[Father]] marks the difference between the [[symbolic]] and the [[imaginary]].
===Human and Animal Imaginary===In other [[words]], what is unique [[about ]] [[human]] beings [[being]]s is not that in [[human beings ]] [[being]]s the [[imaginary]] [[order]] is distorted by the added dimension of the [[symbolic]]. The [[imaginary]] is what [[animal]]s and [[human]] [[being]]s have in common, except that in [[human]] [[being]]s it is no longer a natural [[imaginary]]. Hence [[Lacan]] repudiates "the [[doctrine]] of a discontinuity between animal psychology and human psychology which is far away from our [[thought]]."<ref>{{Ec}} p.484</ref>
==NatureNatural Order of Human Existence==There is not even a pure natural state at On the beginning in which other hand, [[Lacan]] also uses the term "[[humannature]] " to denote the [[subjectidea]] might that there is a "[[existnature|natural order]] before being caught up " in the [[symbolichuman]] [[existence]] , an idea which [[orderLacan]]calls the "great fantasy of ''nautra mater'', the very idea of nature."<ref>{{S1}} p.149</ref>
===Biological Basis of Human Behavior===This great [[Lacanfantasy]] uses the term 'of [[nature]]' underlies modern [[psychology]], which attempts to denote the idea that there is a 'natural order' in explain [[human]] [[existencebehavior]] by reference to [[biology|ethological categories]] such as [[instinct]] and [[adaptation]].
<blockquote>In the [[human]] [[world]], even "those [[signification]]s that are closest to [[need]], [Lacan[signification]] is highly critical of all such attempts s that are relative to explain the phenomena most purely [[biological]] insertion into a nutrittive and captivating [[environment]], primordial [[signification]]s, are, in terms their sequence and in their very foundation, subject to the [[law]]s of the [[naturesignifier]].<ref>{{S3}} p.198</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>In the [[human]] world, even "those [[signification]]s that are closest to [[need]], [[signification]]s that are relative to the most purely [[biological]] insertion into a nutrittive and captivating environment, primordial [[signification]]s, are, in their sequence and in their very foundation, subject to the [[law]]s of the [[signifier]]The Law is there ''ab origine''."<ref>{{S3}} p.19883</ref></blockquote>
[[LacanNeed]] argued that is never [[present]] in a pure [[pre-oedipal phase|pre-linguistic state]] in the [[human]] [[being]]: such a "the [[Freudianmythical]]" [[linguistic|pre-linguistic]] [[need]] discovery teaches us that all natural harmony can only be hypothesized after it has been articulated in man is profoundly disconcerted."<ref>{{S3}} p[[demand]].83</ref>
==Human Sexuality==Perversion====The [[absence]] of a [[natural]] [[order]] in [[human]] [[existence]] can be seen most clearly in human [[sexuality]]. [[Freud]] and [[Lacan]] both argue that [[human]] [[sexuality]] There is entirely caught up in the no such [[culturalthing]] [[order]]. There is no such thing, for the [[human]] being, as a ''[[nature|natural ]]'' [[sexual relationship]]. One consequence of this is that [[Perversionperversion]] cannot be defined by reference to a supposed [[natural]] or [[biological]] [[norm]] governing [[sexuality]].
====Instincts and Drives====
Whereas [[animal]] [[instincts]] are relatively invariable, [[human]] [[sexuality]] is governed by [[drive]]s which are extremely variable and do not aim at a [[biology|biological]] function.
==See Also==
{{See}}* [[Adaptation]]* [[Alienation]]* [[Biology]]||* [[lawCode]]* [[prohibitionCulture]]* [[biologyDrive]]||* [[Instinct]]* [[Language]]* [[Law]]||* [[Need]]* [[Perversion]]* [[Sexual relationship]]{{Also}}
== References ==
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[[Category:Culture]]
[[Category:Anthropology]]
[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
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[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
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