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"[[Need]]" ([[Fr]]. ''{{Top}}[[besoin]]''){{Bottom}}

==Need, Demand and Desire=Jacques Lacan=Around 1958, [[Jacques Lacan]] develops an important [[distinction ]] between [[three ]] [[terms]]:

* '''[[demand]] ''' and * '''[[desire]]'''.

===Need===In the context of this distinction, "[[need]]" comes close to what [[Sigmund Freud]] referred to as "'''[[instinct]]'''" (''[[Instinkt]]''); that is, a purely '''''[[biological]]'' ''' [[concept ]] opposed to the realm of the '''[[drive]] ''' (''[[Trieb]]'').

===Demand===[[Lacan]] bases this distinction on the fact that in [[order ]] to [[desire|satisfy ]] his [[needs]] the [[infant]] must articulate [[them ]] in '''[[language]]'''; in other [[words]], the [[infant]] must articulate his [[needs]] in a "'''[[demand]]'''". However, in doing so, something else is introduced which causes a '''[[split]]''' between [[need]] and '''[[demand]]'''; this is the fact that every '''[[demand]]''' is not only an articulation of [[need]] but also an (unconditional) '''[[demand]]''' for '''[[love]]'''. Now, although the [[other]] to whom the [[demand]] is addressed (in the first [[instance]], the [[mother]]) can and may supply the [[object]] which [[satisfies]] the [[infant]]'s [[need]], she is never in a [[position]] to answer the [[demand]] for [[love]] unconditionally, because she too is [[division|divided]]. The result of this '''[[split]]''' between [[need]] and '''[[demand]]''' is an [[insatiable]] leftover, which is '''[[desire]]''' itself.

However, in doing so, something else ==Desire==[[Need]] is introduced thus an ''intermittent tension'' which causes a arises for purely [[splitorganic]] between reasons and which is [[needdischarged]] and entirely by the specific [[demandaction]]; this is corresponding to the fact that every [[demandparticular]] is not only an articulation of [[need]] but also an (unconditional) in question. [[Desire]], on the other hand, is a ''constant force'' which can never be [[demandsatisfied]] for , the constant 'pressure' which underlies the [[lovedrives]].

Now==A Pre-Linguistic Need==This account presents in [[chronological]] terms what is in fact a question of [[structure]]. In [[truth]], although it is not the [[othercase]] that there first [[exists]] a [[subject]] of pure [[need]] which then attempts to whom the articulate that [[demandneed]] is addressed (in the first instance[[language]], since the distinction between pure [[motherneed]]) can and may supply its articulation in [[demand]] only exists from the [[objectmoment]] of its articulation, by which [[satisfiestime]] it is [[impossible]] to determine what that pure [[need]] could have been. The concept of a [[linguistics|pre-linguistic]] [[need]] is thus merely a hypothesis, and the [[infantsubject]]'s of this pure [[need]], she is a [[mythical]] [[subject]]; even the paradigmatic [[need]] of hunger never in exists as a position to answer pure [[biological]] given, but is marked by the [[demandstructure]] for of [[lovedesire]] unconditionally. Nevertheless, because she too this hypothesis is useful to [[division|dividedLacan]] for maintaining his theses [[about]] the radical divergence between [[human]] [[desire]] and all [[natural]] or [[biological]] [[categories]].

The result of this [[split]] between [[need]] and [[demand]] is an [[insatiable]] leftover, which is [[desire]] itself. ===Desire===[[Need]] is thus an intermittent tension which arises for purely [[organic]] reasons and which is [[discharged]] entirely by the specific [[action]] corresponding to the particular [[need]] in question. [[Desire]], on the other hand, is a constant force which can never be [[satisfied]], the constant 'pressure' which underlies the [[drives]]. ===The Hypothesis of a Pre-Linguistic Need==See Also=This account presents in [[chronological]] terms what is in fact a question of [[structure]]. In truth, it is not the case that there first exists a [[subject]] of pure [[need]] which then attempts to articulate that [[need]] in [[language]], since the distinction between pure [[need]] and its articulation in [[demand]] only exists from the moment of its articulation, by which time it is impossible to determine what that pure [[need]] could have been. The concept of a pre-[[linguistic]] [[need]] is thus merely a hypothesis, and the [[subject]] of this pure [[need]] is a mythical [[subject]]; even the paradigmatic [[need]] of hunger never exists as a pure [[biological]] given, but is marked by the [[structure]] of [[desire]]. Nevertheless, this hypothesis is useful to [[Lacan]] for maintaining his theses about the radical divergence between human desire and all [[natural]] or [[biological]] categories. =={{See Also==}}

* [[Instinct]] (||* [[GrLove]]. ''* [[InstinktMother]]'')||