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==Sigmund Freud==
===Mental Disorder===
"[[Neurosis]]" is originally a [[psychiatric]] term which came to denote, in the eighteenth-century, a [[whole]] range of [[treatment|nervous disorders]] defined by a wide variety of [[symptom]]s. [[Freud]] uses the term in a [[number]] of ways, sometimes as a general term for all [[treatment|mental disorders]] in [[Works of Sigmund Freud|his early work]], and sometimes to denote a specific [[class]] of [[treatment|mental disorders]] (i.e. in opposiiton to [[psychosis]]).
It is a pathological [[mental]] condition in which there are no observable lesions in the neuropsychological [[system]]. The [[patient]] is normally aware of the morbidity of his or her condition and a neurosis can, unlike a psychosis, be treated with the patient's consent. Neurosis is normally [[understood]] as a condition such as hysteria in which somatic [[symptoms]] are an expression of a [[psychical]] [[conflict]] originating in [[childhood]]. Modern [[psychoanalysis]] describes [[patients]] presenting obsessional, [[phobic]] or [[hysterical]] symptoms as neurotic.
===Neurosis and Normality===
[[Freud]] bases this distinction purely on a quantitative factors ("[[psychoanalytic]] research finds no fundamental but only quantitative distinction between normal and neurotic [[life]]"<ref>{{F}} ''[[The Interpretation of Dreams]]'', 1990a: [[SE]] V: 373</ref>) which is not a [[structural]] distinction. In [[structural]] [[terms]], therefore, there is no distinction between the "normal" [[subject]] and the [[neurotic]].
===Psychosis and Perversion===
This [[Lacanian]] nosology [[identifies]] [[three]] [[clinical structures]]: [[neurosis]], [[psychosis]] and [[perversion]], in which there is no [[position]] of "mental health" which could be called "normal"<ref>{{S8}} p. 374-5; {{E}} p. 163</ref>. The normal [[structure]], in the [[sense]] of that which is found in the statistical majority of the population, is [[neurosis]], and "mental health" is an [[illusory]] [[ideal]] of [[split|wholeness]] which can never be attained because the [[subject]] is essentially [[split]]. Thus whereas [[Freud]] sees [[neurosis]] as an [[illness]] that can be [[cure]]d, [[Lacan]] sees [[neurosis]] as a [[structure]] that cannot be altered. The aim of [[psychoanalytic treatment]] is therefore not the eradication of the [[neurosis]] but the modification of the [[subject]]'s position ''vis-à-vis'' the [[neurosis]].
