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==Sigmund Freud==
===Mental Disorder===
"[[Neurosis]]" is originally a [[psychiatric]] term which came to denote, in the eighteenth-century, a [[whole]] range of [[treatment|nervous disorders]] defined by a wide variety of [[symptom]]s. [[Freud]] uses the term in a [[number]] of ways, sometimes as a general term for all [[treatment|mental disorders]] in [[Works of Sigmund Freud|his early work]], and sometimes to denote a specific [[class]] of [[treatment|mental disorders]] (i.e. in opposiiton to [[psychosis]]).
==Jacques Lacan==
===Clinical Structure===
In [[Lacan]]'s [[work]], the term [[neurosis]] always [[figures]] in opposition to [[psychosis]] and [[perversion]], and refers not to a set of [[symptom]]s but to a [[particular]] [[clinical structure]]. This use of the term to designate a [[structure]] problematizes [[Freud]]'s [[distinction]] between [[neurosis]] and normality.
===Neurosis and Normality===[[Freud]] bases this distinction purely on a quantitative factors ("[[psychoanalytic]] research finds no fundamental but only quantitative distinction between normal and neurotic [[life]]"<ref>{{F}} ''[[The formation Interpretation of behavioral or psychosomatic symptoms as Dreams]]'', 1990a: [[SE]] V: 373</ref>) which is not a result of the return of the repressed[[structural]] distinction. A neurosis represents an instance where the ego's efforts to deal with its desires through repression In [[structural]] [[terms]], displacementtherefore, etc. fail: there is no distinction between the "A person only falls ill of a neurosis if his ego has lost the capacity to allocate his libido in some waynormal" (Introductory Lectures 16.387). The failure of the ego [[subject]] and the increased insistence of the libido lead to symptoms that are as bad or worse than the conflict they are designed to replace. This term should be carefully distinguished from psychosis[[neurotic]].
===Psychosis and Perversion===
This [[Lacanian]] nosology [[identifies]] [[three]] [[clinical structures]]: [[neurosis]], [[psychosis]] and [[perversion]], in which there is no [[position]] of "mental health" which could be called "normal"<ref>{{S8}} p. 374-5; {{E}} p. 163</ref>. The normal [[structure]], in the [[sense]] of that which is found in the statistical majority of the population, is [[neurosis]], and "mental health" is an [[illusory]] [[ideal]] of [[split|wholeness]] which can never be attained because the [[subject]] is essentially [[split]]. Thus whereas [[Freud]] sees [[neurosis]] as an [[illness]] that can be [[cure]]d, [[Lacan]] sees [[neurosis]] as a [[structure]] that cannot be altered. The aim of [[psychoanalytic treatment]] is therefore not the eradication of the [[neurosis]] but the modification of the [[subject]]'s position ''vis-à-vis'' the [[neurosis]].
===Hysteria and Obsessional Neurosis===
According to [[Lacan]], "the structure of a neurosis is essentially a question."<ref>{{S3}} p.174</ref>
<blockquote>"[[Neurosis]] is a question that [[being]] poses for the subject."<ref>{{E}} p.168</ref></blockquote> The two forms of [[neurosis]] -- [[hysteria]] and [[obsessional neurosis]] -- are distinguished by the [[content]] of the question. The question of the [[hysteric]] ("[[hysteria|Am I a man or a woman?]]") relates to one's [[sex]], whereas the question of the [[obsessional neurosis]] ("[[obsessional neurosis|To be or not to be?]]") relates to the [[time|contingency]] of one's own [[existence]]. These two questions (the [[hysteria|hysterical]] question [[about]] [[sexuality|sexual identity]], and the [[obsessional]] question about [[death]]/[[existence]]) "are as it happens the two ultimate questions that have precisely no solution in the [[signifier]]. This is what gives neurotics this existential [[value]]."<ref>{{S3}} p.190</ref> ===Phobia===At [[times]] [[Lacan]] lists [[phobia]] as a [[neurosis]] alongside [[hysteria]] and [[obsessional neurosis]], thus raising the question of whether there are not two but three forms of [[neurosis]].<ref>{{E}} p.168</ref> ==See Also=={{See}}* [[End of analysis]]* [[Hysteria]]||* [[Obsessional neurosis]]* [[Perversion]]||* [[Psychosis]]* [[Split]]||* [[Structure]]* [[Subject]]||* [[Symptom]]* [[Treatment]]{{Also}} == References ==<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small">
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