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Neurosis

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{{Top}}névrose{{Bottom}}
==Sigmund Freud==
===Mental Disorder===
"[[Neurosis]]" is originally a [[psychiatric]] term which came to denote, in the eighteenth-century, a [[whole]] range of [[treatment|nervous disorders]] defined by a wide variety of [[symptom]]s. [[Freud]] uses the term in a [[number]] of ways, sometimes as a general term for all [[treatment|mental disorders]] in [[Works of Sigmund Freud|his early work]], and sometimes to denote a specific [[class]] of [[treatment|mental disorders]] (i.e. in opposiiton to [[psychosis]]).
It is a pathological [[mental]] condition in which there are no observable lesions in the neuropsychological [[system]]. The [[patient]] is normally aware of the morbidity of his or her condition and a neurosis can, unlike a psychosis, be treated with the patient's consent. Neurosis is normally [[understood]] as a condition such as hysteria in which somatic [[symptoms]] are an expression of a [[psychical]] [[conflict]] originating in [[childhood]]. Modern [[psychoanalysis]] describes [[patients]] presenting obsessional, [[phobic]] or [[hysterical]] symptoms as neurotic.
==Jacques Lacan==
===Clinical Structure===
In [[Lacan]]'s [[work]], the term [[neurosis]] always [[figures]] in opposition to [[psychosis]] and [[perversion]], and refers not to a set of [[symptom]]s but to a [[particular]] [[clinical structure]]. This use of the term to designate a [[structure]] problematizes [[Freud]]'s [[distinction]] between [[neurosis]] and normality.
The term '===Neurosis and Normality===[[neurosisFreud]]' bases this distinction purely on a quantitative factors ("[[psychoanalytic]] research finds no fundamental but only quantitative distinction between normal and neurotic [[life]]"<ref>{{F}} ''névrose[[The Interpretation of Dreams]]'', 1990a: [[SE]] V: 373</ref>) which is used in not a [[structural]] distinction. In [psychoanalysis[structural]] [[terms]], therefore, there is no distinction between the "normal" [[subject]] and the [[neurotic]] to describe a number of nervous disorders.
For ===Psychosis and Perversion===This [[LacanLacanian]] nosology [[identifies]] [[three]] [[clinical structures]]: [[neurosis]], [[psychosis]] and [[perversion]], in which there is no [[position]] of "mental health" which could be called "normal"<ref>{{S8}} p. 374-5; {{E}} p. 163</ref>. The normal [[structure]], in the term '[[sense]] of that which is found in the statistical majority of the population, is [[neurosis]], and "mental health" is an [[illusory]] [[ideal]] of [[split|wholeness]] which can never be attained because the [[subject]] is essentially [[split]]. Thus whereas [[Freud]] sees [[neurosis]] as an [[illness]] that can be [[cure]]d, [[Lacan]] sees [[neurosis]]' refers as a [[structure]] that cannot be altered. The aim of [[psychoanalytic treatment]] is therefore not to a set the eradication of (behavioral or psychosomatic) the [[symptomsneurosis]] but to a particular the modification of the [[subject]]'s position ''vis-à-vis'' the [[clinical structureneurosis]].
===Hysteria and Obsessional Neurosis===According to [[Lacan]] identifies three [[clinical , "the structure]]s: [[of a neurosis]], [[psychosis]] and [[perversion]]is essentially a question."<ref>{{S3}} p.174</ref>
<blockquote>"[[FreudNeurosis]] argued that [[neurosis]] was an illness is a question that could be [[cure]]d.[[Lacanbeing]] argues that 'mental health' is an illusory idea of wholeness which can never be attained because poses for the [[subject]] is essentially [[split]]."<ref>{{E}} p.168</ref></blockquote>
The two forms of [[neurosis]] -- [[hysteria]] and [[obsessional neurosis]] -- are distinguished by the [[content]] of the question. The question of the [[hysteric]] ("[[hysteria|Am I a man or a woman?]]") relates to one's [[sex]], whereas the question of the [[obsessional neurosis]] ("[[obsessional neurosis|To be or not to be?]]") relates to the [[time|contingency]] of one's own [[existence]]. These two questions (the [[hysteria|hysterical]] question [[about]] [[sexuality|sexual identity]], and the [[obsessional]] question about [[death]]/[[existence]]) "are as it happens the two ultimate questions that have precisely no solution in the [[signifier]]. This is what gives neurotics this existential [[value]]."<ref>{{S3}} p.190</ref>
The aim of [[psychoanalysis|psychoanalytic]] t[[treatment]] is therefore not the eradication of the [[neurosis]] but the modification of the [[subject]]'s position ''vis-a-vis'' the ===Phobia===At [[neurosistimes]].  According to [[Lacan]], "the structure of a neurosis is essentially a question."<ref>S3. 174</ref>lists [[Neurosisphobia]] "is as a question that being poses for the subject."<ref>E. 168</ref>The two forms of [[neurosis]] (alongside [[hysteria]] and [[obsessional neurosis]]) are distinguished by the content of the question.The question of the [[hysteria|hysteric]] ('Am I a man or a woman?') relates to one's [[sex]], whereas thus raising the question of [[obsessional neurosis]] ('To be or whether there are not to be?') relates to the contingency two but three forms of one's own [[existence]].These two questions (the [[hysteria|hysterical]] question about [[sexual identity]], and the [[obsessional neurosis|obsessional]] question about [[death]]/[[existence]]) "are as it happens the two ultimate questions that have precisely no solution in the signifier. This is what gives neurotics their existential values.<ref>S3. {{E}} p.190168</ref> 
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[End of analysis]]
* [[Hysteria]]
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* [[Obsessional neurosis]]
* [[phobiaPerversion]]||* [[Psychosis]]* [[Split]]||* [[Structure]]* [[Subject]]||* [[structureSymptom]]* [[symptomTreatment]]{{Also}}
==References==
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{{Cat}}
[[Category:Neurosis]]
[[Category:Practice]]
[[Category:Treatment]]
[[Category:Psychoanalysis]][[Category:Terms]][[Category:Concepts]][[Category:Jacques Lacan]]__NOTOC__
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