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Object-relations theory

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{{Top}}théorie du relation d'[[objet]]{{Bottom}}
===History===
[[Freud]] defined the [[object]] as that in which and through which the [[drive]] attains its [[aim]]. In the years following [[Freud]]'s [[death]], the twin [[concepts]] of the "[[object]]" and the "[[object relation]]" attained a growing importance in [[psychoanalytic theory]], and eventually a [[whole]] [[school]] of [[psychoanalytic theory]] came to be known as "[[object-relations theory]]. (The main proponents of [[object-relations theory]] were [[Ronald Faibairn]], [[D.W. Winnicott]] and [[Michael Balint]], all of whom were members of the Middle Group of the British [[Psycho]]-Analytical [[Society]].) These [[analyst]]s differed on many points, and hence [[object-relations theory]] covers a wide range of [[theoretical]] points of view.
===Ego-Psychology===However, despite its [[lack]] of precise definition, [[object-relations theory]] can be contrasted with [[ego-psychology]] on account of its focus on [[Freudobject]] defined rather than on the [[drive]]s in themselves. This focus on [[object]] as s means that [[object-relations theory]] pays more attention to the [[intersubjective]] [[constitution]] of the [[psyche]], in which and through which contrast to the more atomistic approach of [[driveego-psychology]] attains its aim.
In the years following ===Lacanian Psychoanalysis===Although [[FreudLacan]]'s ian [[deathpsychoanalysis]], the twin concepts of the "has been compared with [[object-relations theory]]" and the "object relation" attained a growing imporance in that both [[school|schools of thought]] [[psychoanalytic theoryplace]], and eventually a whole more emphasis on [[schoolintersubjectivity]] of , [[psychoanalytic theoryLacan]] came to be known as "himself criticizes [[object-relations theory]]repeatedly.
The main proponents of His criticisms focus most on the way in which [[object-relations theory were Ronald Faibairn]] envisions the possibility of a [[complete]] and perfectly [[satisfying]] relation between the [[subject]] and the [[object]]. [[Lacan]] is opposed to such a view, Darguing that for [[human]] [[being]]s there is no such [[thing]] as a "pre-established [[harmony]]" betrween "a need and an object that [[satisfies]] it.W"<ref>{{S1}} p. Winnicott and Michael Balint209</ref> The root of the error is, argues [[Lacan]], that in [[object-relations theory]], all of whom were members of "the Middle Group object is first and foremost an object of the British Psycho-Analytical Societysatisfaction."<ref>{{S1}} p.209</ref>
These analysts differed on many pointsIn [[other]] [[words]], by locating the [[object]] in the [[register]] of [[satisfaction]] and hence [[need]], [[object-relations theory]] covers a wide range confuses the [[object]] of [[psychoanalysis]] with the [[object]] of [[biology]] and neglects the [[symbolic]] [[dimension]] of [[desire]]. One [[dire]] consequence that follows from this is that the specific difficulties which arise from the [[symbolic]] constitution of [[desire]] are neglected, with the result that "mature [[object relations]]" and ideals of theoretical points "[[genital|genital love]]" are proposed as the [[goal]] of view[[treatment]]. Thus [[object-relations theory]] becomes the site of a "delirious moralism."<ref>{{Ec}} p.716</ref>
However===Oedipal Structure===A closely related aspect of [[object-relations theory]] which [[Lacan]] also criticizes is its shift of emphasis from the [[Oedipal]] [[structure|triangle]] onto the [[mother]]-[[child]] [[dual relation|relation]], despite its lack with the latter conceived of precise definitionas a perfectly symmetrical, reciprocal relation. One of [[Lacan]]'s fundamental concern is to restore the centrality of the [[Oedipal]] [[structure|triangle]] to [[psychoanalysis]] by re-emphasizing the importance of the [[father]] in contrast to the [[object-relations theory]] emphasis on the [[mother]]. This concern can be contrasted with seen in [[Lacan]]'s criticism of the [[object-relations theory|object relation]] as a symmetrical [[dual relation]], and his view that the [[object-relations theory|object relation]] is an [[intersubjective]] relation which involves not two but [[three]] [[terms]].<!--[[Lacan]]'s criticism of British [[object-relations theory]] is one of the main themes of the first year of his [[public]] [[egoseminar]] (1953-psychology4). In the fourth year of the [[seminar]] on account , entitled "[[Object Relations]]," [[Lacan]] discusses not the British school of its focus on [[object-relations theory]] rather than on but the [[driveFrench]]s in themselvesschool.-->
This focus on ==See Also=={{See}}* [[objectBiology]]s means that * [[object-relations theoryDesire]] pays more attention to the * [[intersubjectiveDrive]] constitution of the ||* [[psycheDual relation]], in contrast to the more atomistic approach of * [[egoEgo-psychology]].* [[Father]]||* [[Intersubjectivity]]* [[Kleinian psychoanalysis]]* [[Mother]]||* [[Oedipus complex]]* [[Psychoanalysis]]* [[School]]||* [[Structure]]* [[Subject]]* [[Symbolic]]{{Also}}
Although [[Lacan]]ian [[psychoanalysis]] has been compared with [[object-relations theory]] in that both [[schools]] of thought place more emphasis on [[intersubjectivity]], [[Lacan]] himself criticizes [[object-relations theory]] repeatedly.==References== His criticisms focus most on the way in which [[object-relations theory]] envisions the possibility of a complete and perfectly satisfying relation between the [[subject]] and the [[object]]. [[Lacan]] is opposed to such a view, arguing that for human beings there is no such thing as a <div style="prefont-established harmonysize:11px" betrween class="a need and an object that satisfies it.references-small"<ref>{{S1}} p.209</ref> The root of the error is, argues [[Lacan]], that in [[object-relations theory]], "the object is first and foremost an object of satisfaction."<ref>{{S1}} p.209<references/ref> In other words, by locating the [[object]] in the register of [[satisfaction]] and [[need]], [[object-relations theory]] confuses the [[object of [[psychoanalysis]] with the [[object]] of [[biology]] and neglects the [[symbolic]] dimension of [[desire]]. One dire consequence that follows from this is that the specific difficulties which arise from the [[symbolic]] constitution of [[desire]] are neglected, with the result that 'mature object relations' and ideals of '[[genital love]]' are proposed as the goal of [[treatment]]. Thus [[object-relations theory]] becomes the site of a "delirious moralism."<ref>{{Ec}} p.716</refdiv> A closely related aspect of [[object-relations theory]] which [[Lacan]] also criticizes is its hift of emphasis from the [[Oedipal]] triangle onto the [[mother]]-[[child]] relation, with the latter conceived of as a perfectly symmetrical, reciprocal relation. One of [[Lacan]]'s fundamental concern is to restore the centrality of the [[Oedipal]] triangle to [[psychoanalysis]] by re-emphasizing the importance of the [[father]] in contrast to the [[object-relations]] emphasis on the [[mother]]. This concern can be seen in [[Lacan]]'s criticism of the object relation as a symmetrical [[dual relation]], and his view that the object relation is an [[intersubjective]] relation which involves not two but three terms. [[Lacan]]'s cricism of British [[object-relations theory]] is one of the main themes of the first year of his public [[seminar]] (1953-4). In the fourth year of the [[seminar]], entitled "[[Object Relations]]," [[Lacan]] discusses not the British school of [[object-relations theory]] but the French school.
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