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{{TopTopp}}[[complexe ]] d'Oedipe{{Bottom}}
==Sigmund Freud==
<!-- =====Definition===== -->
<!-- The [[Oedipus complex]] is a central [[concept]] in [[psychoanalysis|psychoanalytic theory. is considered by [[Freud]] as one of the "cornerstones" of [[psychoanalysis]].<ref>{{F}} (1923a) "[[Sigmund Freud:Bibliography|Two Encyclopaedia Articles]]", [[SE]], Vol. 18, p. 247.</ref> [[Freud]]'s conception of the [[Oedipus complex]] is probably one of the most popularized and at the same [[time]] one of the most misunderstood [[ideas]] of [[psychoanalysis]]. -->
The "[[Oedipus complex]]" is a concept used by [[Sigmund Freud]] to refer to the [[unconscious]] [[sexual difference|sexual]] [[desire]] of the [[child]] - especially a [[male]] [[child]] - for the parent of the opposite sex, usually accompanied by hostility and [[rivalry]] with the parent of the same sex.
<!-- The [[Oedipus complex]] was defined by [[Freud]] as an [[unconscious]] set of loving and hostile [[desire]]s which the [[subject]] experiences in relation to its [[parents]]; the [[subject]] [[desire]]s one parent, and thus enters into rivalry with the [[other]] parent. In the "positive" [[form]] of the [[Oedipus complex]], the [[desire]]d parent is the parent of the opposite sex to the [[subject]], and the parent of the same sex is the rival. / The "[[Oedipus complex]]" is a term developed by [[Sigmund Freud]] to designate the attraction on the part of the child toward the parent of the opposite sex and rivalry and hostility toward the parent of its own. -->
<!-- The [[existence]] of the Oedipus complex explains the [[child]]s [[sexual]] attaction towards the parent of the opposite sex and jealously of the parent of the same sex. -->
<!-- It initially refers to the boy's [[perception]] of his mother as a [[sexual object]] and of his father as a rival, but Freud's description of this '[[universal]] phenomenon' becomes more complicated as he integrates the findings of his studies of the 'sexual theories of [[children]].' -->
<!-- The [[Oedipus complex]] is rather more complicated than this, though, and represents [[Freud]]'s attempt to map the [[ambivalnce|ambivalent]], both [[love|loving]] and hostile, [[feelings]] that the [[child]] has towards its parents. In its positive form the complex manifests itself as the desire for the [[death]] of a rival, the parent of the same sex, accompanied by the sexual desire for the parent of the opposite sex. In its [[negative]] form the complex works in reverse, as the desire for the parent of the same sex and a [[hatred]] towards the parent of the opposite sex. In actual fact, a so-called 'normal' Oedipus complex consists of both positive and negative forms. What is important [[about]] the Oedipus complex is how the child learns to negotiate and resolve its ambivalent feelings towards its parents. -->
<!-- =====''Oedipus Rex''===== -->
The complex is named after [[Oedipus]], a prominent [[figure]] in Greek mythology who unwittingly killed his [[father]] and [[married]] his [[mother]].
<!-- The term is named after the [[Oedipus]], a prominent figure in Greek mythology who unwittingly unknowingly killed his father and married his mother. Taking his cue from the ancient Greek [[tragedy]] by [[Sophocles]], [[Oedipus Rex]], where [[Oedipus]] unwittingly kills his [[father]] and becomes king by marrying his [[mother]], [[Freud]] suggested that our deepest [[unconscious]] [[desire]] is to [[murder]] our [[father]] and marry our [[mother]]. -->
<!-- One of the cornerstones of the [[theory]] of [[psychoanalysis]], the [[idea]] of the [[Oedipus complex]] derives from the Greek legend that tells how [[Oedipus]] unwittingly killed his father Laius and married his mother Jocasta. When he finally learns what he has done, he blinds himself./ It comes from the Greek myth of Oedipus, a Greek hero who unknowingly killed his father and married his mother. / The term derives from ''[[Oedipus]]'' was a prominent figure in Greek mythology who killed his father and married his mother. / [[Freud]] attributes the "gripping [[power]]" of [[Sophocles]]' play, ''[[Oedipus Rex]]'' to its depiction of what [[Freud]] considers a "universal [[event]] in early [[childhood]]." -->
<!-- Followers of the [[psychologist]] Sigmund Freud long believed that the Oedipus complex was common to all cultures, although many psychiatrists now refute this [[belief]]. -->
<!-- =====[[History]]===== -->
<!-- References to the [[Oedipus complex]] can be foudn in some of [[Freud]]'s earliest writings./ Although the term does not appear in [[Freud]]'s writings until 1910, traces of its origins can be found much earlier in his [[work]], and by 1910 it was already showing [[signs]] of the central importance that it was to acquire in all [[psychoanalytic theory]] thereafter. -->
<!-- The "[[Oedipus complex]]" is first introduced by [[Freud]] in 1901; it comes to acquire central importance in [[psychoanalysis|psychoanalytic theory]] thereafter. -->
<!-- The "[[Oedipus complex]]" was posited by [[Sigmund Freud]] as the central organizing [[principle]] of [[psychosexual]] development. crucial [[stage]] in the normal [[developmental]] [[process]]. -->
<!-- Although the [[Oedipus complex]] is absolutely central to Freud's theory of [[human]] development, no one paper is devoted to it. -->
===Phallic Phase===The "[[Oedipus complex]]" is a term used by [[Sigmund Freud]] to describe emerges in the [[unconscious]] [[desirethird]] year of the [[childlife]] -- especially a male child -- for and then declines in the parent of the opposite sexfifth year, usually accompanied by hostility and rivalry coincides with the parent of the same sex. The "[[Oedipus complexphallic stage]]" is a concept used by of [[Sigmund Freud]] to describe the [[unconscious]] ([[sexual differencedevelopment|sexual]]) [[desire]] of the [[childpsychosexual development]] .<!-- especially a male child -- for the parent of the opposite sexThe Oedipus conflict, and a concomitant sense of rivalry with the parent of the same sex. The "[[or Oedipus complex]]" is , was described as a concept used by [[Sigmund Freudstate]] to refer to the of [[unconsciouspsychosexual development]] (and [[sexual difference|sexual]]) [[desireawareness]] first occurring around the age of 5 and a half years (a period known as the phallic stage in [[childFreudian]] theory). -- especially a male child ><!-- for It occurs during the parent phallic stage of the opposite sex, usually accompanied by hostility and rivalry with the parent [[psycho]]-sexual development of the same sex. The "[[Oedipus complexpersonality]]" is a term developed by , approximately years [[Sigmund Freudthree]] to designate the attraction on the part of the child toward the parent of the opposite sex and rivalry and hostility toward the parent of its ownfive. =====Background=====The "[[Oedipus complex]]" is first introduced by [[Freud]] in 1901; it comes to acquire central importance emerges in [[psychoanalysis|psychoanalytic theory]] thereafter. =====''Oedipus Rex''=====The Oedipus complex is named after the mythical Oedipus, who unwittingly killed his father and married his mother. It comes from the Greek myth third year of Oedipus, a Greek hero who unknowingly killed his father life and married his mother. The term derives from ''[[Oedipus]]'' was a prominent figure then declines in Greek mythology who killed his father and married his mother. the fifth year when the [[Freudchild]] attributes the "gripping power" of [[Sophoclesrenunciation|renounces]]' play, ''[[Oedipus Rexdesire|sexual desire]]'' to for its depiction of what parents and [[Freudidentification|identifies]] considers a "universal event in early childhoodwith the rival."--> =====Phallic Stage=====The <!-- during which the primary [[Oedipus complexerogenous zone]] coincides with of the [[phallic stagebody]] consists of the [[development|psychosexual developmentgenital]], dur ing which the primary erogenous zone of the body consists of the genital sex organs.when awareness of and manipulation of the genitals is supposed to be a primary source of [[pleasure]]/ during which a child becomes interested in his or her own sexual organs-- The Oedipus conflict, or Oedipus complex, was described as a state of psychosexual development and awareness first occurring around the age of 5 and a half years (a period known as the phallic stage in Freudian theory). <!-- Freud came to assume that, by the time he has reached the ‘phallic’ stage of development, at around the age of four or five, the small boy is sexually interested in his mother, wishes to gain exclusive possession of her, and therefore harbours hostile impulses towards his father.--> =====Psychosexual Development===== The "<!-- Freudians normally date the [[Oedipus complex]]" was posited by to the ages of three to five years; according to [[Sigmund FreudKlein]] as the central organizing principle of psychosexual development, it occurs much earlier.--> rucial stage in the normal developmental <!-- Freud saw this process. The as taking [[Oedipus complexplace]] emerges in between the third year ages of life three and then declines in the fifth year, when five years. With the child renounces [[desire|sexual desireresolution]] for its parents and identifies with the rival. It occurs during the phallic stage of the psycho-sexual development Oedipus complex sexuality goes through a period of the personality, approximately years three to five.=====Unconscious Desire===== The '[[Oedipus complexlatency]] was defined by ' until it reappears during [[Freudpuberty]] as an adolescent sexuality. --><!-- Most controversially, Freud insisted that the Oedipus complex was a universal, trans-historical and trans-[[unconsciouscultural]] set phenomenon: <blockquote>[T]he Oedipus complex is the nuclear complex of loving and hostile [[desireneuroses]]s which , and constitutes the essential part of their [[subjectcontent]] experiences in relation to its parents; . It represents the peak of [[subjectinfantile]] sexuality, which, through its after-effects, exercises a decisive influence on the sexuality of [[desireadults]]s one parent, and thus enters into rivalry with the other parent. In Every new arrival on this planet is faced by the "positive" form task of mastering the [[Oedipus complex]], the ; anyone who fails to do so falls a [[desirevictim]]d parent is the parent of the opposite sex to the [[subjectneurosis]], and the parent of the same sex is the rival. UNIVERSALFollowers of the psychologist Sigmund <ref>Freud long believed that the Oedipus complex was common to all cultures, although many psychiatrists now refute this belief.1991d [1905]: 149</ref></blockquote> -->
<!--
=====Castration Complex=====
The hostility towards the father arouses the [[fear ]] that the father will remove the offending sex [[organ ]] of the boy, called [[castration anxiety]].The [[castration complex]] arises from the boy's assumption that, because girls are without a [[penis]], they must have suffered castration. The [[reality]] of castration is borught home to the boy when he sees the sexual anatomy of the [[girl]], which is [[lacking]] the protruding genitals of the male. The girl appears [[castrated]] to the boy. "If that could happen to her, it could also happen to me," is what he thinks. As a result of castration anxiety, the boy represses his incestuous desire for the mother an his hostility for the father, and the Oedipus complex [[disappears]].--><!-- the fact that a girl does not hav emale genitals is therefore the result of her castration, -->
The reality most important of castration these is borught home that in [[Lacan]]'s view, the [[subject]] always desires the [[mother]], and the [[father]] is always the rival, irrespective of whether the [[subject]] is [[male]] or [[female]]. Consequently, in [[Lacan]]'s account the [[male]] [[subject]] experiences the [[Oedipus complex]] in a radically asymmetrical way to the boy when he sees [[female]] [[subject]]. --><!-- In an early encyclopaedia [[article on the family]] (1938) [[Lacan]] adopted a fairly orthodox Freudian [[understanding]] of the Oedipus complex, and it was not until the 1950s and through the influence of Lévi-[[Strauss]] that Lacan began to develop his own distinctive '[[structural]]' [[model]] of the sexual anatomy [[complex]]. For [[Lacan]], the [[Oedipus complex]] is primarily a symbolic structure. When two [[people]] live together or get married they do so forvery personal and intimate reasons, but at the same time there is a wider [[social]] or symbolic aspect to this relationship. A relationship or [[marriage]] concerns not just the two people involved but also a [[whole]] social network of friends, relations and institutions. Thus, personal relationships situate men and women in a symbolic circuit of social [[meanings]]. According to [[Lacan]], therefore, we must distinguish between the real people involved and [[the symbolic]] [[structures]] that organize relationships between men and women. In our [[society]] the primary structure that defines our symbolic and unconscious relations is the Oedipus complex. More precisely the [[Oedipus complex]] represents a triangular structure that breaks the binary relationship established between the [[mother]] and [[child]] in [[the imaginary]], although, as we will see, the imaginary is never simply a dual structure - there is always a third element involved. The infant's earliest experiences are characterized by absolute [[dependence]] upon the mother as she fulfils the child's [[needs]] of feeding, caring and nurturing. At the same time the child is faced with the enigma around the (m)other's desire - What am I in the Other's desire? The answers the child comes up with will be crucial to its resolution of the [[Oedipus complex]]. -->===Symbolic Structure===The [[Oedipus complex]] is, for [[Lacan]], the paradigmatic triangular [[structure]], which contrasts with all [[dual relation]]s (though see the final paragraph below). The key function in the [[Oedipus complex]] is thus that of the girl[[father]], the third term which transforms the [[dual relation]] between [[mother]] and [[child]] into a [[triad]]ic [[structure]]. The [[Oedipus complex]] is lacking thus [[nothing]] less than the passage from the [[imaginary]] [[order]] to the [[symbolic order]], "the protruding genitals conquest of the malesymbolic relation as such."<ref>{{S3}} p.199</ref> The fact that the passage to the [[symbolic]] passes via a complex sexual [[dialectic]] means that the [[subject]] cannot have access to the [[symbolic order]] without confronting the problem of [[sexual difference]].
===Times===In ''[[Seminar|The girl appears castrated Seminar, Book V]]'', [[Lacan]] analyzes this passage from the [[imaginary]] to the boy[[symbolic]] by [[identification|identifying]] three "[[times]]" of the [[Oedipus complex]], the sequence being one of [[logical]] rather than [[chronological]] priority.<ref>{{L}} 1957-8: [[seminar]] of 22 January 1958</ref><!-- The first time of the [[Oedipus complex]] is characterized by the [[imaginary]] [[triangle]] of [[mother]], [[child]] and [[phallus]]. prior to the invention of the [[father]] there is never a purely [[dual relation]] between the [[mother]] and the [[child]] but always a third term, the [[phallus]], an [[imaginary]] [[object]] which the [[mother]] [[desire]]s beyond the [[child]] himself (S4, 240-1). [[Lacan]] hints that the presence of the [[imaginary]] [[phallus]] as a third term in the [[imaginary]] [[triangle]] --><!-- In the previous [[seminar]] of 1956-7, [[Lacan]] calls this the [[preoedipal]] [[triangle]]. "If However, whether this [[triangle]] is regarded as [[preoedipal]] or as a moment in the [[Oedipus complex]] itself, the main point is the same: namely, that could happen prior to herthe invention of the [[father]] there is never a purely [[dual relation]] between the [[mother]] and the [[child]] but always a third term, the [[phallus]], it could also happen to mean [[imaginary]] [[object]] which the [[mother]] [[desire]]s beyond the [[child]] himself (S4," 240-1). [[Lacan]] hints that the presence of the [[imaginary]] [[phallus]] as a third term in the [[imaginary]] [[triangle]] indicates that the [[symbolic]] [[father]] is what he thinksalready functioning at this time.<ref>{{L}} 1957-8: [[seminar]] of 22 January 1958</ref> -->
====Second====
The second time of the [[Oedipus complex]] is characterized by the intervention of the [[imaginary]] [[father]]. The [[father]] imposes the [[law]] on the [[mother]]'s [[desire]] by denying her access to the [[phallic]] [[object]] and [[prohibition|forbidding]] the [[subject]] access to the [[mother]]. [[Lacan]] often refers to this intervention as the "[[castration]]" of the [[mother]], even though he states that, properly [[speaking]], the operation is not one of [[castration]] but of [[privation]].
<!-- This intervention is mediated by the [[discourse]] of the [[mother]]; in other [[words]], what is important is not that the [[real]] [[father]] step in and impose the [[law]], but that this [[law]] be respected by the [[mother]] herself in both her words and her actions. The [[subject]] now sees the [[father]] as a rival for the [[mother]]'s [[desire]]. -->
<!-- In this second [[position]], the father intervenes, either directly or through the mother's discourse, as the omnipotent and prohibiting figure, putting in question and forbidding the desire of the mother (le [[désir]] de la Mère), laying down the law and permitting identification with him as the one who has the phallus. ((He says, as it were, to the child, "no you won't [[sleep]] with your mother"; and to the mother, "No, the child is not your phallus. I have it." -->
====Third====
The third 'time' of the [[Oedipus complex]] is marked by the intervention of the [[real]] [[father]].
<!--
The father appear as the one who reinstates the phallus as the desired object of the mother, rather than as the terrifying, [[castrating]], omnipotent father who can deprive her.
-->
By showing that he has the [[phallus]], and neither exchanges it nor gives it,<ref>{{S3}} p. 319</ref>, the [[real]] [[father]] [[castration|castrates]] the [[child]], in the sense of making it [[impossible]] for the [[child]] to persist in trying to be the [[phallus]] for the [[mother]]; it is no use competing with the [[real]] [[father]], because he always wins.<ref>{{S4}} pp. 208-9, 227</ref> The [[subject]] is freed from the impossible and [[anxiety]]-provoking task of having to be the [[phallus]] by realizing that the [[father]] has it. This allows the [[subject]] to [[identify]] with the [[father]].
<!--In this secondary ([[symbolic]]) [[identification]] the [[subject]] transcends the [[aggressivity]] inherent in primary ([[imaginary]]) [[identification]]. -->
[[Lacan]] follows [[Freud]] in arguing that the [[superego]] is formed out of this [[Oedipal]] [[identification]] with the [[father]].<ref>{{S4}} p. 415</ref>
<!-- The [[Oedipus complex]] marks the transition from the [[imaginary]] to the [[symbolic]]. Through the intervention of a third term, the [[Name-of-the-Father]], that closed circuit of mutual desire between the [[mother]] and [[child]] is broken and a [[space]] is created, within which the [[child]] can begin to identify itself as a [[separate]] being from the [[mother]]. [[Lacan]] calls this third term the [[Name-of-the-Father]], because it does not have to be the real father, or even a male figure, but is a [[symbolic position]] that the child perceives to be the location of the object of the [[mother]]'s [[desire]]. It is also, as we will see, a position of authority and the [[symbolic]] [[law]] that intervenes to [[prohibit]] the [[child]]'s [[desire]]. For [[Lacan]], the key [[signifier]] that this whole process turns upon is the [[phallus]]. -->
<!--
==Structure==
Since the [[symbolic]] is the realm of the [[law]], and since the [[Oedipus complex]] is the conquest of the [[symbolic order]], it has a [[normative]] and normalizing function. "The Oedipus complex is essential for the human being to be able to accede to a humanized structure of the real."<ref>{{S3}} p.198</ref> This normative function is to be [[understood]] in reference to both [[clinic]]al [[structure]]s and the question of [[sexuality]].
-->
<!--
===Psychopathology===
[[Freud]] argued that all psychopathological [[structure]]s could be traced to a malfunction in the [[Oedipus complex]], which was thus dubbed "the nuclear complex of the neuroses".
-->
The Oedipus complex or conflict is a concept developed by Sigmund Freud to explain the origin of certain neuroses in childhood [[Freud]] argued that all psychopathological [[structure]]s could be traced to a malfunction in the [[Oedipus complex]], which was thus dubbed "the nuclear complex of the neuroses". The Oedipus complex is closely connected to the castration complex. Resolution of the Oedipus complex is believed to occur by identification with the parent of the same sex and by the [[renunciation]] of sexual interest in the parent of the opposite sex. Freud considered this complex the cornerstone of the superego and the nucleus of all human relationships.
-->
<!--
=====The Oedipus complex and sexuality=====
It is the particular way the [[subject]] navigates his passage through the [[Oedipus complex]] that determines both his assumption of a [[sexual position ]] and his [[choice ]] of a sexual object (on the question of object choice<ref>{{S4}} p.201</ref>). ------------- In his [[seminar]] of 1969-70, [[Lacan]] re-examines the [[Oedipus complex]], and analyses the [[myth]] of [[Oedipus]] as one of [[Freud]]'s [[dream]]s.<ref>{{S17}} Ch. 8</ref> In this [[seminar]] (though not for the first time<ref>{{S7}}</ref>) [[Lacan]] compares the [[myth]] of [[Oedipus]] with the other [[Freud]]ian [[myth]]s (the [[myth]] of the [[father]] of the horde in ''[[Totem and Taboo]]'', and the [[myth]] of the murder of Moses<ref>{{F}} 1912-13; 1939a</ref>) and argues that the [[myth]] of ''[[Totem and Taboo]]'' is structurally opposite to the [[myth]] of [[Oedipus]]. In the [[myth]] of [[Oedipus]], the murder of the [[father]] allows [[Oedipus]] to enjoy sexual relations with his [[mother]], whereas in the [[myth]] of ''[[Totem and Taboo]]'' the murder of the [[father]], far from allowing access to the [[father]]'s [[women]], only reinforces the [[Law]] which forbids [[incest]].<ref>{{S7}} p.176</ref> [[Lacan]] argues that in this respect the [[myth]] of ''[[Totem and Taboo]]'' is more accurate than the [[myth]] of [[Oedipus]]; the former shows that [[enjoyment]] of the [[mother ]]is impossible, whereas the latter presents [[enjoyment]] of the [[mother]] as forbidden but not impossible. In the [[Oedipus complex]] a prohibition of ''[[jouissance]]'' thus serves to hide the impossibility of this ''[[jouissance]]''; the [[subject]] can thus persist in the [[neurotic]] [[illusion]] that, were it not for the [[Law]] which forbids it, ''[[jouissance]]'' would be possible. ------------- In his reference to fourfold models, [[Lacan]] makes an implicit criticism of all triangular models of the [[Oedipus complex]]. Thus, though the [[Oedipus complex]] can be seen as the transition from a [[dual relation]]ship to a [[triangular]] [[structure]], [[Lacan]] argues that it is more accurately represented as the transition from a [[preoedipal]] [[triangle]] ([[mother]]-[[child]]-[[phallus]]) to an [[Oedipal]] [[quaternary]] ([[mother]]-[[child]]-[[father]]-[[phallus]]).
<!--In his [[seminar]] of 1969-70, [[Lacan]] re-examines the [[Oedipus complex]], and analyzes the [[myth]] of [[Oedipus]] as one of [[Freud]]'s [[dream]]s.<ref>{{S17}} Ch. 8</ref> In this [[seminar]] (though not for the first time<ref>{{S7}}</ref>) [[Lacan]] compares the [[myth]] of [[Oedipus]] with the other [[Freud]]ian [[myth]]s (the [[myth]] of the [[father]] of the [[horde]] in ''[[Totem and Taboo]]'', and the [[myth]] of the murder of [[Moses]]<ref>{{F}} 1912-13; 1939a</ref>) and argues that the [[myth]] of ''[[Totem and Taboo]]'' is structurally opposite to the [[myth]] of [[Oedipus]]. In the [[myth]] of [[Oedipus]], the murder of the [[father]] allows [[Oedipus]] to [[enjoy]] [[sexual relations]] with his [[mother]], whereas in the [[myth]] of ''[[Totem and Taboo]]'' the murder of the [[father]], far from allowing access to the [[father]]'s [[women]], only reinforces the [[Law]] which forbids [[incest]].<ref>{{S7}} p. 176</ref> [[Lacan]] argues that in this respect the [[myth]] of ''[[Totem and Taboo]]'' is more accurate than the [[myth]] of [[Oedipus]]; the former shows that [[enjoyment]] of the [[mother ]]is impossible, whereas the latter presents [[enjoyment]] of the [[mother]] as [[forbidden]] but not impossible. In the [[Oedipus complex]] a [[prohibition]] of ''[[jouissance]]'' thus serves to hide the [[impossibility]] of this ''[[jouissance]]''; the [[subject]] can thus persist in the [[neurotic]] [[illusion]] that, were it not for the [[Law]] which forbids it, ''[[jouissance]]'' would be possible. --><!--In his reference to fourfold models, [[Lacan]] makes an implicit criticism of all triangular models of the [[Oedipus complex]]. (** Thus, though the [[Oedipus complex]] can be seen as the transition from a [[dual relation]]ship to a [[triangular]] [[structure]], [[Lacan]] argues that it is more accurately represented as the transition from a [[preoedipal]] [[triangle]] ([[mother]]-[[child]]-[[phallus]]) to an [[Oedipal]] [[quaternary]] ([[mother]]-[[child]]-[[father]]-[[phallus]]). **) [[Another ]] possibility is to see the [[Oedipus complex]] as a transition from the [[preoedipal]] [[triangle]] ([[mother]]-[[child]]-[[phallus]]) to the [[Oedipal]] [[triangle]] ([[mother]]-[[child]]-[[father]]).-->
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[Castration complex]]
* [[Desire]]
||
* [[Development]]
* [[Father]]
||
* [[Law]]
* [[Mother]]
||
* [[Name-of-the-Father]]
* [[Phallus]]
{{Also}}