other/Other (autre/Autre) The 'other' is perhaps the most complex term in Lacan's work. When Lacan first begins to use the term, in the 1930s, it is not very salient, and refers simply to 'other people'. Although Freud does use the term 'other', speaking of both der Andere (the other person) and das Andere (otherness), Lacan seems to have borrowed the term from Hegel, to whose work Lacan was introduced in a series of lectures given by Alexandre KojËve at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes in 1933-9 (see KojËve, 1947).In 1955 Lacan draws a distinction between 'the little other' ('the other') and 'the "[[big Other]]' ('the Other') (S2, ch. 19), a distinction which remains central throughout the rest of his work. Thereafter, in Lacanian algebra, the [[big Other]] is designated A (upper case, for French Autre) and the little other is designated a (lower case italicised, for French autre). Lacan asserts that an awareness of this distinction is fundamental to analytic practice: the analyst must be 'thoroughly imbued' with the difference between A and a (E, 140), so that he can situate himself in the place of Other, and not of the other (Ec, 454).1. The little other is the other who is not [[Real]]ly other, but a reflection and projection of the EGo (which " is why the symbol a can represent the little other and the ego interchangeably in SCHEMA L). He is simultaneously perhaps the most [[Counterpartcomplex]] and the SPECULAR IMAGE. The little other is thus entirely inscribed term in the [[ImaginaryLacan]] order. For a more detailed discussion of the development of the symbol a in Lacan's work, see oBJETPETITA.2. The [[big Other]] designates radical alterity, an other-ness which transcends the illusory otherness of the [[Imaginarywork]] because it cannot be assimilated through identification. Lacan equates this radical alterity with language and the law, and hence the {{Top}}[[big Otherautre]] is inscribed in the order of the [[Symbolic]]. Indeed, the [[big Other]] is the [[Symbolic]] insofar as it is particularised for each subject. The Other is thus both another subject, in his radical alterity and unassimilable uniqueness, and also the [[Symbolic]] order which mediates the relationship with that other subject.However, the meaning of 'the Other as another subject' is strictly secondary to the meaning of 'the Other as [[Symbolic]] order'; 'the Other must first of all be considered a locus, the locus in which speech is constituted' (S3, 274). It is thus only possible to speak of the Other as a subject in a secondary sense, in the sense that a subject may occupy this position and thereby 'embody' the Other for another subject (S8, 202).In arguing that speech originates not in the ego, nor even in the subject, but in the Other, Lacan is stressing that speech and language are beyond one's conscious control; they come from another place, outside consciousness, and hence 'the unconscious is the discourse of the Other' (Ec, 16). In conceiving of the Other as a place, Lacan alludes to Freud's concept of psychical locality, in which the unconscious is described as 'the other scene (see SCENE).It is the mother who first occupies the position of the [[big Other]] for the child, because it is she who receives the child's primitive cries and retroactively sanctions them as a particular message (see PUNCTUATION). The [[Castration Complex]] is formed when the child discovers that this Other is not complete, that there is a LACK in the Other. In other words, there is always a signifier missing from the treasury of signifiers constituted by the Other. The mythical complete Other (written A in Lacanian algebra) does not exist. In 1957 Lacan illustrates this incomplete Other graphically by striking a BAR through the symbol A, to produce A; hence another name for the castrated, incomplete Other is the barred Other.The Other is also 'the Other sex' (S20, 40). The Other sex is always [[Woman]], for both male and female subjects; 'Man here acts as the relay whereby the [[Woman]] becomes this Other for herself as she is this Other for him' (Ec, 732).Autre{{Bottom}}
==Jacques Lacan==
[[Freud]] uses the term "[[other]]" to [[speak]] of ''[[Other|der Andere]]'' ("the other person") and ''[[Other|das Andere]]'' ("otherness"), but in the 1930s, when [[Lacan]] first begins to use the term, it is not very salient, and refers simply to "other [[people]]." The term seems to be borrowed from [[Hegel]], to whose work [[Lacan]] was introduced in a series of lectures given by [[Alexandre Kojève]] in 1933-9.
== def Little and Big Other==In contrast to 1955, [[Lacan]] draws a [[distinction]] between the "[[little other]]" and the "[[big Other]]" ("the dominant Anglo-American [[ego-psychologistOther]]s "), a distinction which remains central throughout the rest of his timework.<ref>{{S2}} Chapter 19</ref> Thereafter, in [[Lacan considered ]]ian [[algebra]], the self as something constituted in the "[[big Other"]] is designated '''A''' (upper [[case]], that for [[French]] ''[[Other|Autre]]'') and the [[little other]] isdesignated <i>'''a'''</i> (lower case italicized, the conception of the externalfor [[French]] ''[[Other|autre]]''). [[Lacan argues ]] asserts that an [[awareness]] of this distinction is fundamental to [[analytic treatment|analytic practice]]: the psychoanalytic movement towards understanding [[analyst]] must be "thoroughly imbued" with the ego as [[difference]] between '''A''' and <i>'''a coherent force with dominion over a person's psyche was rooted ''</i>,<ref>{{E}} p. 140</ref> so that he can situate himself in a misunderstanding the place of Freud. In Lacan's view[[Other]], the self remained in eternal internal conflict and that only extensive self-deceit made not of the situation bearable[[other]].<ref>{{Ec}} p. 454</ref>
His developmental theory ===Little other (autre, "''a''") ===The [[little other]] is the [[other]] who is not, in fact, [[other]], but a [[reflection]] or [[projection]] of the objectified self was inspired by [[Ferdinand de Saussureego]]'s insights into .<ref>This is why the relationship of symbol a can [[represent]] the signifier little other and the signified - ego interchangeably in [[schema L]].</ref> It is simultaneously the role of language [[counterpart]] and reference the [[specular image]]. The [[little other]] is inscribed in thought were central to his formulations, particularly the Symbolic[[imaginary]] [[order]] as both the [[counterpart]] and the [[specular image]].
===Big Other (Autre, "A")===
The [[big Other]] designates radical [[alterity]], an [[otherness]] which transcends the [[illusory]] [[other|otherness]] of the [[imaginary]] because it cannot be assimilated through [[identification]]. [[Lacan]] equates the [[big Other]] with [[language]] and the [[law]], and hence the [[big Other]] is inscribed in the [[symbolic]] [[order]]. Indeed, the [[big Other]] ''is'' the [[symbolic]] insofar as it is particularized for each [[subject]]. Thus, the [[Other]] is both another [[subject]] in its radical [[alterity]] and unassimilable uniqueness and also the [[symbolic]] [[order]] which mediates the [[relationship]] with that [[subject]].
== Speech and the Other==However, the [[Kid A In Alphabet Landmeaning]] of "the [[Other]] as another [[subject]]" is strictly secondary to the meaning of "the [[Other]] as [[symbolic]] ==[[Image:Kida_oorder]]." "The Other must first of all be considered a locus, the locus in which speech is constituted."<ref>{{S3}} p.gif |right|frame274</ref> It is thus only possible to speak of the [[Other]]as a [[subject]'''Kid A In Alphabet Land Obliterates Another Obstinate Opponent - The Obnoxious ] in a secondary [[sense]], in the sense that a [[subject]] may occupy this position and thereby "embody" the [[Other!''']] for another [[subject]].<ref>{{S8}} p. 202</ref>
You===Discourse of the Other===In arguing that [[speech]] originates not in the [[ego]] or even in the [[subject]] but in the [[Other]], [[Lacan]] is stressing that [[speech]] and [[language]] are beyond [[conscious]] [[control]]; they come from an [[other]] place, [[outside]] [[consciousness]], and hence "the [[unconscious]] is the [[discourse]] of the [[Other]]."<ref>{{Ec}} p. 16</ref> In conceiving of the [[Other]] as a [[place]], [[Lacan]] alludes to [[Freud]]'re Not My Brother - Yous [[concept]] of [[psychical locality]], in which the [[unconscious]] is described as "the [[other]] [[scene]]." ==Lack in the Other==It is the [[mother]] who first occupies the [[position]] of the [[big Other]] for the [[child]], because it is she who receives the [[child]]'re Anothers [[primitive]] cries and [[retroactively]] sanctions [[them]] as a [[particular]] [[message]]. The [[castration complex]] is formed when the [[child]] discovers that this [[Other]] is not [[complete]], Like Any that there is a [[lack]] in the [[Other! You Had Better Take Cover]]. In other [[words]], there is always a [[signifier]] [[missing]] from the treasury of [[signifier]]s constituted by the [[Other]]. The [[mythical]] complete [[Other]] (written '''A''' in [[Lacan]]ian [[algebra]]) does not [[exist]]. In 1957 [[Lacan]] illustrates this incomplete [[Other]] graphically by striking a [[bar]] through the [[symbol]] '''<strike>A</strike>'''. Hence another [[name]] for the [[castrated]], incomplete [[Other]] is the ''[[barred]] [[Other]]''Cuz If I Have My Druthers. ===The Other Sex===The Other is also "the Other sex."<ref>{{S20}} p. 40</ref> The [[Other]] [[sex]] is always [[woman]], You I Will Smother! for both [[male]] and [[female]] [[subjects]]. <blockquote>"[[Man]] here [[acts]] as the relay whereby the [[woman]] becomes this Other for herself as she is this [[Other]] for him."<ref>{{Ec}} p. 732</ref></blockquote> ==See Also=={{See}}* [[Bar]]* [[Counterpart]]* [[Ego]]||* [[Imaginary]]* [[Little other]]* [[Lack]]||* [[Language]]* [[Law]]* [[Mother]]||* ''[[Objet (petit) a]]''* [[Specular image]]* [[Subject]]||* [[Symbolic]]* [[Unconscious]]* [[Woman]]{{Also}} ==References==<div style="font-size:11px" class="references- After I Take You Assmall"><references /></div> [[Category:Kid A In Alphabet LandPsychoanalysis]][[Category:Jacques Lacan]][[Category:Linguistics]][[Category:Dictionary]][[Category:Language]][[Category:Symbolic]][[Category:Concepts]][[Category:Terms]][[Category:Edit]][[Category:New]]__NOTOC__
