other/Other (autre/Autre) The 'other' is perhaps the most complex term in Lacan's work. When Lacan first begins to use the term, in the 1930s, it is not very salient, and refers simply to 'other people'. Although Freud does use the term 'other', speaking of both der Andere (the other person) and das Andere (otherness), Lacan seems to have borrowed the term from Hegel, to whose work Lacan was introduced in a series of lectures given by Alexandre KojËve at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes in 1933-9 (see KojËve, 1947).In 1955 Lacan draws a distinction between 'the little other' ('the other') and 'the "[[big Other]]' ('the Other') (S2, ch. 19), a distinction which remains central throughout the rest of his work. Thereafter, in Lacanian algebra, the [[big Other]] is designated A (upper case, for French Autre) and the little other is designated a (lower case italicised, for French autre). Lacan asserts that an awareness of this distinction is fundamental to analytic practice: the analyst must be 'thoroughly imbued' with the difference between A and a (E, 140), so that he can situate himself in the place of Other, and not of the other (Ec, 454).1. The little other is the other who is not [[Real]]ly other, but a reflection and projection of the EGo (which " is why the symbol a can represent the little other and the ego interchangeably in SCHEMA L). He is simultaneously perhaps the most [[Counterpartcomplex]] and the SPECULAR IMAGE. The little other is thus entirely inscribed term in the [[ImaginaryLacan]] order. For a more detailed discussion of the development of the symbol a in Lacan's work, see oBJETPETITA.2. The [[big Other]] designates radical alterity, an other-ness which transcends the illusory otherness of the [[Imaginarywork]] because it cannot be assimilated through identification. Lacan equates this radical alterity with language and the law, and hence the {{Top}}[[big Otherautre]] is inscribed in the order of the [[Symbolic]]. Indeed, the [[big Other]] is the [[Symbolic]] insofar as it is particularised for each subject. The Other is thus both another subject, in his radical alterity and unassimilable uniqueness, and also the [[Symbolic]] order which mediates the relationship with that other subject.However, the meaning of 'the Other as another subject' is strictly secondary to the meaning of 'the Other as [[Symbolic]] order'; 'the Other must first of all be considered a locus, the locus in which speech is constituted' (S3, 274). It is thus only possible to speak of the Other as a subject in a secondary sense, in the sense that a subject may occupy this position and thereby 'embody' the Other for another subject (S8, 202).In arguing that speech originates not in the ego, nor even in the subject, but in the Other, Lacan is stressing that speech and language are beyond one's conscious control; they come from another place, outside consciousness, and hence 'the unconscious is the discourse of the Other' (Ec, 16). In conceiving of the Other as a place, Lacan alludes to Freud's concept of psychical locality, in which the unconscious is described as 'the other scene (see SCENE).It is the mother who first occupies the position of the [[big Other]] for the child, because it is she who receives the child's primitive cries and retroactively sanctions them as a particular message (see PUNCTUATION). The [[Castration Complex]] is formed when the child discovers that this Other is not complete, that there is a LACK in the Other. In other words, there is always a signifier missing from the treasury of signifiers constituted by the Other. The mythical complete Other (written A in Lacanian algebra) does not exist. In 1957 Lacan illustrates this incomplete Other graphically by striking a BAR through the symbol A, to produce A; hence another name for the castrated, incomplete Other is the barred Other.The Other is also 'the Other sex' (S20, 40). The Other sex is always [[Woman]], for both male and female subjects; 'Man here acts as the relay whereby the [[Woman]] becomes this Other for herself as she is this Other for him' (Ec, 732).Autre{{Bottom}}
==Jacques Lacan==
[[Freud]] uses the term "[[other]]" to [[speak]] of ''[[Other|der Andere]]'' ("the other person") and ''[[Other|das Andere]]'' ("otherness"), but in the 1930s, when [[Lacan]] first begins to use the term, it is not very salient, and refers simply to "other [[people]]." The term seems to be borrowed from [[Hegel]], to whose work [[Lacan]] was introduced in a series of lectures given by [[Alexandre Kojève]] in 1933-9.
==defLittle and Big Other==In 1955, [[Lacan]] draws a [[distinction]] between the "[[little other]]" and the "[[big Other]]" ("the [[Other]]"), a distinction which remains central throughout the rest of his work.<ref>{{S2}} Chapter 19</ref> Thereafter, in [[Lacan]]ian [[algebra]], the [[big Other]] is designated '''A''' (upper [[case]], for [[French]] ''[[Other|Autre]]'') and the [[little other]] is designated <i>'''a'''</i> (lower case italicized, for [[French]] ''[[Other|autre]]''). [[Lacan]] asserts that an [[awareness]] of this distinction is fundamental to [[analytic treatment|analytic practice]]: the [[analyst]] must be "thoroughly imbued" with the [[difference]] between '''A''' and <i>'''a'''</i>,<ref>{{E}} p. 140</ref> so that he can situate himself in the place of [[Other]], and not of the [[other]].<ref>{{Ec}} p. 454</ref>
Like many terms ===Little other (autre, "''a''") ===The [[little other]] is the [[other]] who is not, in literary and cultural theoryfact, [[other has an everyday use that only hints at its technical meaning in Lacanian psychoanalysis. Lacan actually designates two "others"]], one with but a lower-case "o" ([[reflection]] or "[[projection]] of the [[ego]].<ref>This is why the symbol a" for autre can [[represent]] the little other and the ego interchangeably in [[schema L]].</ref> It is simultaneously the [[counterpart]] and the [[specular image]]. The [[little other]] is inscribed in French) the [[imaginary]] [[order]] as both the [[counterpart]] and one with a capital "O":the [[specular image]].
other===Big Other (Autre, "A")===The [[mirror stagebig Other]] sets up designates radical [[alterity]], an image [[otherness]] which transcends the [[illusory]] [[other|otherness]] of the ego as an [[Ideal-Egoimaginary]] because it cannot be assimilated through [[identification]]. [[Lacan]] equates the [[big Other]] with [[language]] and the [[law]], and hence the [[big Other]] is inscribed in the [[symbolic]] [[order]]. Indeed, the [[big Other]] ''is'' the [[symbolic]] insofar as it is particularized for the each [[subject]]. This Ideal-I becomes an "other" within Thus, the [[Other]] is both another [[subject's experience of his or her "I", a component of a "self" ]] in its radical [[alterity]] and unassimilable uniqueness and also the [[symbolic]] [[order]] which mediates the [[relationship]] with that is internally divided[[subject]].
==Speech and the Other==The Other represents "other peopleHowever,the [[meaning]] of " other subjects whom the individual encounters in social life, but for Lacan it also stands for language and [[Other]] as another [[subject]]" is strictly secondary to the conventions meaning of social life organized under "the category of the law[[Other]] as [[symbolic]] [[order]]. Because language and the codes of human societies pre-exist any individual human being, these systems are "other" to the individual subject. The fact that subjects, themselves internally alienated, Other must employ the Other first of language and all be considered a locus, the law to interact with other subjects locus in which speech is constituted."<ref>{{S3}} p. 274</ref> It is crucial thus only possible to Lacan's theory speak of the psyche [[Other]] as well as to its practical application a [[subject]] in a secondary [[sense]], in therapythe sense that a [[subject]] may occupy this position and thereby "embody" the [[Other]] for another [[subject]].<ref>{{S8}} p.202</ref>
== def =Discourse of the Other===In contrast to arguing that [[speech]] originates not in the dominant Anglo-American [[ego-psychologist]]s of his time, Lacan considered or even in the self as something constituted [[subject]] but in the "[[Other"]], [[Lacan]] is stressing that [[speech]] and [[language]] are beyond [[conscious]] [[control]]; they come from an [[other]] place, [[outside]] [[consciousness]], and hence "the [[unconscious]] is, the conception [[discourse]] of the external[[Other]]. Lacan argues that "<ref>{{Ec}} p. 16</ref> In conceiving of the psychoanalytic movement towards understanding the ego [[Other]] as a coherent force with dominion over a person[[place]], [[Lacan]] alludes to [[Freud]]'s psyche was rooted in a misunderstanding [[concept]] of Freud. In Lacan's view[[psychical locality]], in which the self remained in eternal internal conflict and that only extensive self-deceit made [[unconscious]] is described as "the situation bearable[[other]] [[scene]]. "
His developmental theory ==Lack in the Other==It is the [[mother]] who first occupies the [[position]] of the objectified self was inspired by [[Ferdinand de Saussurebig Other]] for the [[child]], because it is she who receives the [[child]]'s insights into [[primitive]] cries and [[retroactively]] sanctions [[them]] as a [[particular]] [[message]]. The [[castration complex]] is formed when the relationship of [[child]] discovers that this [[Other]] is not [[complete]], that there is a [[lack]] in the [[Other]]. In other [[words]], there is always a [[signifier and ]] [[missing]] from the signified - treasury of [[signifier]]s constituted by the role of language and reference [[Other]]. The [[mythical]] complete [[Other]] (written '''A''' in thought were central to his formulations[[Lacan]]ian [[algebra]]) does not [[exist]]. In 1957 [[Lacan]] illustrates this incomplete [[Other]] graphically by striking a [[bar]] through the [[symbol]] '''<strike>A</strike>'''. Hence another [[name]] for the [[castrated]], particularly incomplete [[Other]] is the Symbolic''[[barred]] [[Other]]''.
===The Other Sex===
The Other is also "the Other sex."<ref>{{S20}} p. 40</ref> The [[Other]] [[sex]] is always [[woman]], for both [[male]] and [[female]] [[subjects]].
<blockquote>"[[Man]] here [[acts]] as the relay whereby the [[woman]] becomes this Other for herself as she is this [[Other]] for him."<ref>{{Ec}} p. 732</ref></blockquote>
== See Also=={{See}}* [[Bar]]* [[Counterpart]]* [[Ego]]||* [[Imaginary]]* [[Kid A In Alphabet LandLittle other]] ==* [[Image:Kida_o.gif Lack]]|right|frame* [[Language]]* [[Law]]* [[Mother]]||* '''Kid A In Alphabet Land Obliterates Another Obstinate Opponent - The Obnoxious Other!'[[Objet (petit) a]]''* [[Specular image]]* [[Subject]]||* [[Symbolic]]* [[Unconscious]]* [[Woman]]{{Also}}
You're Not My Brother ==References==<div style="font- You're Another, Like Any Other! You Had Better Take Cover, 'Cuz If I Have My Druthers, You I Will Smother! size:11px" class="references- After I Take You Assmall"><references /></div> [[Category:Psychoanalysis]][[Category:Kid A In Alphabet LandJacques Lacan]][[Category:Linguistics]][[Category:Dictionary]][[Category:Language]][[Category:Symbolic]][[Category:Concepts]][[Category:Terms]][[Category:Edit]][[Category:New]]__NOTOC__
