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The "[[other/Other (]]" is perhaps the most [[complex]] term in [[Lacan]]'s [[work]]. {{Top}}[[autre/]]]]'', ''[[Autre) {{Bottom}}

==defJacques Lacan==OTHER [[Freud]] uses the term "[[other]]" to [[speak]] of ''[[Other|der Andere]]'' (see also LOVE"the other person")Zižekand ''s ultimate position is that there is no [[Other of |das Andere]]'' ("otherness"), but in the Other'. thatis1930s, no final guarantee of when [[Lacan]] first begins to use the symbolic order: "There term, it is no not very salient, and refers simply to "big Otherother [[people]]."guaranteeing the consistency The term seems to be borrowed from [[Hegel]], to whose work [[Lacan]] was introduced in a series of the symbolic space within which welectures given by [[Alexandre Kojève]] in 1933-9.

dimension ===Discourse of social antagonism, (p. 273). To this extent, tlie subjectthe Other===can be thought as a certain excess of ideological interpellation, In arguing thatwhich [[speech]] originates not in the [[ego]] or even in a way remains "beyond interpellation': 'that which definesthe [[subject]] but in the [[Other]], let us not forget, [[Lacan]] is precisely the inestion" (p.41). Theexperience of subjectivity is thus stressing that [[speech]] and [[language]] are beyond [[conscious]] [[control]]; they come from an experience of pure negativity. inwhich every aspect of identity must be lost or sacrificed n[[other]] place, [[outside]] [[consciousness]] , and hence "tarryingwith the negative," ... Hegel's whole point [[unconscious]] is that the subject does notsurvive [[discourse]] of the ordeal of negativity: he effectively loses his very essence andpasses over into his [[Other' (]]."<ref>{{Ec}} p.217) Tl e correlative 16</ref> In conceiving of the subjectwithin the symbolic order can therefore be thought of [[Other]] as objet a[[place]], thatwhich stands in for the Real:) [[Lacan]] alludes to [[Freud]]'the matheme for the subject is Ss [[concept]] of [[psychical locality]], anempty place in which the structure, an elided signifier, while o/7/et a [[unconscious]] is bydefinition an excessive objet, an object that lacks its place in thestructuredescribed as " (p. 193) This equivalence must nevertheless be claritied:'The parallel between the void of the transcendental subject (S) andthe void of the transcendental object - the inaccessible X that causesour perceptions is misleading here: the transcendental object is thevoid beyond phenomenal appearances, while the transcendentalsubject alreadr appears as a void' (p.233)[[other]] [[scene]]."

==defLack in the Other== The 'other' It is perhaps the most complex term in Lacan's work. When Lacan [[mother]] who first begins to use the term, in the 1930s, it is not very salient, and refers simply to 'other people'. Although Freud does use the term 'other', speaking of both der Andere (the other person) and das Andere (otherness), Lacan seems to have borrowed the term from Hegel, to whose work Lacan was introduced in a series of lectures given by Alexandre KojËve at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes in 1933-9 (see KojËve, 1947).In 1955 Lacan draws a distinction between 'the little other' ('the other') and 'occupies the [[big Otherposition]]' ('the Other') (S2, ch. 19), a distinction which remains central throughout the rest of his work. Thereafter, in Lacanian algebra, the [[big Other]] is designated A (upper case, for French Autre) and the little other is designated a (lower case italicised, for French autre). Lacan asserts that an awareness of this distinction is fundamental to analytic practice: the analyst must be 'thoroughly imbued' with the difference between A and a (E, 140), so that he can situate himself in the place of Other, and not of the other (Ec, 454).1. The little other is the other who is not [[Realchild]]ly other, but a reflection and projection of the EGo (which because it is why the symbol a can represent the little other and the ego interchangeably in SCHEMA L). He is simultaneously she who receives the [[Counterpart]] and the SPECULAR IMAGE. The little other is thus entirely inscribed in the [[Imaginarychild]] order. For a more detailed discussion of the development of the symbol a in Lacan's work, see oBJETPETITA.2. The [[big Otherprimitive]] designates radical alterity, an other-ness which transcends the illusory otherness of the [[Imaginary]] because it cannot be assimilated through identification. Lacan equates this radical alterity with language cries and the law, and hence the [[big Otherretroactively]] is inscribed in the order of the sanctions [[Symbolicthem]]. Indeed, the as a [[big Otherparticular]] is the [[Symbolicmessage]] insofar as it is particularised for each subject. The Other is thus both another subject, in his radical alterity and unassimilable uniqueness, and also the [[Symboliccastration complex]] order which mediates the relationship with that other subject.However, the meaning of 'the Other as another subject' is strictly secondary to formed when the meaning of 'the Other as [[Symbolicchild]] order'; 'the Other must first of all be considered a locus, the locus in which speech is constituted' (S3, 274). It is thus only possible to speak of the Other as a subject in a secondary sense, in the sense discovers that a subject may occupy this position and thereby 'embody' the Other for another subject (S8, 202).In arguing that speech originates not in the ego, nor even in the subject, but in the Other, Lacan is stressing that speech and language are beyond one's conscious control; they come from another place, outside consciousness, and hence 'the unconscious is the discourse of the Other' (Ec, 16). In conceiving of the Other as a place, Lacan alludes to Freud's concept of psychical locality, in which the unconscious is described as 'the other scene (see SCENE).It is the mother who first occupies the position of the [[big Other]] for the child, because it is she who receives the child's primitive cries and retroactively sanctions them as a particular message (see PUNCTUATION). The not [[Castration Complexcomplete]] is formed when the child discovers that this Other is not complete, that there is a LACK [[lack]] in the [[Other]]. In other [[words]], there is always a [[signifier ]] [[missing ]] from the treasury of signifiers [[signifier]]s constituted by the [[Other]]. The [[mythical ]] complete [[Other ]] (written '''A ''' in Lacanian [[Lacan]]ian [[algebra]]) does not [[exist]]. In 1957 [[Lacan ]] illustrates this incomplete [[Other ]] graphically by striking a BAR [[bar]] through the [[symbol ]] '''<strike>A, to produce A; hence </strike>'''. Hence another [[name ]] for the [[castrated]], incomplete [[Other ]] is the barred Other.The Other is also 'the Other sex' (S20, 40). The Other sex is always [[Womanbarred]], for both male and female subjects; 'Man here acts as the relay whereby the [[WomanOther]] becomes this Other for herself as she is this Other for him' (Ec, 732)'.

==defSee Also=={{See}}* [[Bar]]* [[Counterpart]]* [[Ego]]||* [[Imaginary]]* [[Little other]]* [[Lack]]||* [[Language]]* [[Law]]* [[Mother]]||* ''[[Objet (petit) a]]''* [[Specular image]]* [[Subject]]||* [[Symbolic]]* [[Unconscious]]* [[Woman]]{{Also}}

Like many terms in literary and cultural theory, other has an everyday use that only hints at its technical meaning in Lacanian psychoanalysis. Lacan actually designates two "others", one with a lower-case "o" (or "a" for autre in French) and one with a capital "O": otherThe [[mirror stage]] sets up an image of the ego as an [[Ideal-Ego]] for the [[subject]]. This Ideal-I becomes an "other" within the subject's experience of his or her "I", a component of a "self" that is internally divided. OtherThe Other represents "other people," other subjects whom the individual encounters in social life, but for Lacan it also stands for language and the conventions of social life organized under the category of the law. Because language and the codes of human societies pre-exist any individual human being, these systems are "other" to the individual subject. The fact that subjects, themselves internally alienated, must employ the Other of language and the law to interact with other subjects is crucial to Lacan's theory of the psyche as well as to its practical application in therapy. == def References==In contrast to the dominant Anglo<div style="font-American [[ego-psychologist]]s of his time, Lacan considered the self as something constituted in the size:11px"Otherclass=", that is, the conception of the external. Lacan argues that the psychoanalytic movement towards understanding the ego as a coherent force with dominion over a person's psyche was rooted in a misunderstanding of Freud. In Lacan's view, the self remained in eternal internal conflict and that only extensive selfreferences-deceit made the situation bearable.  His developmental theory of the objectified self was inspired by [[Ferdinand de Saussure]]'s insights into the relationship of the signifier and the signified - the role of language and reference in thought were central to his formulations, particularly the Symbolic.  == [[Kid A In Alphabet Land]] ==[[Image:Kida_o.gif |right|frame]]'''Kid A In Alphabet Land Obliterates Another Obstinate Opponent - The Obnoxious Other!''' You're Not My Brother - You're Another, Like Any Other! You Had Better Take Cover, 'Cuz If I Have My Druthers, You I Will Smother! - After I Take You As[[Category:Kid A In Alphabet Land]]small"><references />{{Footer Kid A}}</div>

[[Category:ConceptsEdit]][[Category:PsychoanalysisNew]][[Category:Postmodern theory]][[Category:Jacques Lacan]]__NOTOC__