In [[psychoanalytic theory]], a [[bungled action]] such as a [[slip of the tongue]] whose [[goal]] is not achieved and which is replaced by [[another]].
In psychoanalytic theory, a bungled action such as a slip of the tongue whose goal is not achieved and which is replaced by another.Like symptoms[[symptom]]s, [[parapraxes ]] are interpreted [[interpret]]ed by [[Freud]] as [[compromise formations formation]]s resulting from a [[conflict ]] between [[conscious ]] [[intentions ]] and [[repressed feelings ]] [[feeling]]s or impulses.
A [[parapraxis]] is an [[act]] that appears to be [[unintentional]] but can be [[understood]], through [[psychoanalytic]] exploration, to be perfectly motivated and [[unconscious]]ly determined.
A parapraxis is an act that appears to be unintentional but can be understood, through psychoanalytic exploration, to be perfectly motivated and unconsciously determined. A brief and delimited [[disturbance ]] that may be spontaneously explained as the result of chance or inattention, a [[parapraxis ]] may be readily perceived by its initiator or by a [[third ]] party to be a "mistake."
[[Parapraxes ]] include a wide range of events, including failures of [[memory]], slips of the tongue or pen, mistakes[[mistake]]s, and [[bungled ]] or accidental [[acts. A parapraxis cannot be explained by referring to the nature of the "slip" itself, but psychoanalytic hypotheses make it possible for it to be described simultaneously as a mistake and not a mistake, depending on one's point of view]].
Parapraxes interested Freud as early as 1890. In letters A [[parapraxis]] cannot be explained by referring to Wilhelm Fliess, he created a virtual collection of examples communicated to him by correspondents. Parapraxes represented, in fact, an important demonstration the [[nature]] of disturbances created by the unconscious. As opposed to dreams"[[slip]]" itself, parapraxes tend but [[psychoanalytic]] hypotheses make it possible for it to require fewer biographical details while providing valuable evidence—indeed, often with comical effect—that offers be described simultaneously as a [[mistake]] and not a popular audience an easy way to grasp psychoanalysis. Furthermore[[mistake]], parapraxes constitute depending on one 's point of the pillars of the psychopathology of everyday life, which Freud considered necessary to understand mental pathology in a broader contextview.
[[Parapraxes]] interested [[Freud discusses parapraxes in two of his major works: Psychopathology of Everyday Life (1901b) and Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis (1916-17a [1915-17])] as early as 1890.
Beyond the anecdotal nature of many of the examples in these two works, parapraxes clearly raise an issue fundamental for psychoanalytic thought—namely, the link between psychic determinism and the unconscious. Freud was led In letters to clarify his position toward the notion of "chance" (as discussed in the review Topique[[Wilhelm Fliess]], 1997) as differentiated from superstition: "I do not believe that an event in whose occurrence my mental life plays no part can teach me any hidden thing about the future shape he created a [[virtual]] collection of reality; but I believe that an unintentional manifestation of my own mental activity does on the other hand disclose something hidden, though again it is something that belongs only examples communicated to my mental life [not to external reality]. I believe in external (real) chance, it is true, but not in internal (psychical) accidental eventshim by correspondents." (Freud, 1901b, p328)
The link between parapraxes and psychopathology[[Parapraxes]] represented, moreover, is established, according to Freud, uniquely through the in fact that, in the case an important demonstration of chance events in a real world, "slips" involve [[disturbance]]s created by the most insignificant psychic events. By contrast, neurotic symptoms are related to the most important psychic functions from both individual and social perspectives. In both instances, however, the same processes enable such symptoms to be understood, that is, as compromise formations located between desire and defense, between a subject's conscious intention and repression[[unconscious]].
SOPHIE DE MIJOLLA-MELLORAs opposed to [[dream]]s, [[parapraxes]] tend to require fewer biographical details while providing valuable evidence—indeed, often with comical effect—that offers a popular audience an easy way to grasp [[psychoanalysis]].
See also: "Claims Furthermore, [[parapraxes]] constitute one of the pillars of Psychoanalysis to Scientific Interest"; Psychopathology the [[psychopathology]] of Everyday Lifeeveryday [[life]], The; Repressionwhich [[Freud]] considered necessary to [[understand]] [[mental]] [[pathology]] in a broader context.Bibliography
* [[Freud, Sigmund. (1901b). The psychopathology ]] discusses [[parapraxes]] in two of everyday life. SE,6. * ——. (1916-17ahis major works: [[1915-17Psychopathology of Everyday Life]](1901). and [[Introductory lectures Lectures on psychoPsycho-analysis. SE, 15Analysis]] (1915-16. * Topique. (199717).
Beyond the anecdotal nature of many of the examples in these two works, [[parapraxes]] clearly raise an issue fundamental for [[psychoanalytic]] [[thought]]—namely, the link between [[psychic]] [[determinism]] and the [[unconscious]].
[[Freud]] was led to clarify his [[position]] toward the [[notion]] of "chance" as differentiated from [[superstition]]:
<blockquote>"I do not believe that an event in whose occurrence my mental life plays no part can teach me any hidden [[thing]] [[about]] the [[future]] shape of [[reality]]; but I believe that an unintentional manifestation of my own mental [[activity]] does on the [[other]] hand disclose something hidden, though again it is something that belongs only to my mental life [not to [[external]] reality]. I believe in external ([[real]]) chance, it is [[true]], but not in [[internal]] ([[psychical]]) accidental events."<ref>Freud, 1901b, p328</ref></blockquote>
The link between [[parapraxes]] and [[psychopathology]], moreover, is established, according to [[Freud]], uniquely through the fact that, in the [[case]] of [[chance]] [[event]]s in a real [[world]], "slips" involve the most insignificant [[psychic]] [[event]]s.
By contrast, [[neurotic]] [[symptom]]s are related to the most important [[psychic]] functions from both [[individual]] and [[social]] perspectives.
In both instances, however, the same [[processes]] enable such [[symptom]]s to be understood, that is, as compromise [[formation]]s located between [[desire]] and [[defense]], between a [[subject]]'s [[conscious]] [[intention]] and [[repression]].
==Lapsus==
Fault made by inadvertency consisting in substituting a [[word]] for that which one wanted to say or write.
==See Also==
* "[[Claims of Psychoanalysis to Scientific Interest]]"
* [[Psychopathology of Everyday Life]]
* [[Repression]]
==References==
<references/>
* [[Freud, Sigmund]]. (1901b). The psychopathology of everyday life. SE,6.
* ——. (1916-17a[1915-17]). Introductory lectures on [[psycho]]-[[analysis]]. SE, 15-16.
* Topique. (1997).
[[Category:Glossary]]
{{Encore}} p. 37''n''
: ''See also'' [[Slips of the tongue]]
