Changes
The LinkTitles extension automatically added links to existing pages (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles">https://github.com/bovender/LinkTitles</a>).
In [[psychoanalytic theory]], a [[bungled action ]] such as a [[slip of the tongue ]] whose [[goal ]] is not achieved and which is replaced by [[another]].
Like symptoms[[symptom]]s, [[parapraxes ]] are interpreted [[interpret]]ed by [[Freud]] as [[compromise formations formation]]s resulting from a [[conflict ]] between [[conscious ]] [[intentions ]] and [[repressed feelings ]] [[feeling]]s or impulses.
A [[parapraxis]] is an [[act]] that appears to be [[unintentional]] but can be [[understood]], through [[psychoanalytic]] exploration, to be perfectly motivated and [[unconscious]]ly determined.
[[Parapraxes ]] include a wide range of events, including failures of [[memory]], slips of the tongue or pen, mistakes[[mistake]]s, and [[bungled ]] or accidental [[acts. A parapraxis cannot be explained by referring to the nature of the "slip" itself, but psychoanalytic hypotheses make it possible for it to be described simultaneously as a mistake and not a mistake, depending on one's point of view]].
[[Parapraxes]] interested [[Freud discusses parapraxes in two of his major works: Psychopathology of Everyday Life (1901b) and Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis (1916-17a [1915-17])] as early as 1890.
[[Parapraxes]] represented, in fact, an important demonstration of [[disturbance]]s created by the [[unconscious]]. As opposed to [[dream]]s, [[parapraxes]] tend to require fewer biographical details while providing valuable evidence—indeed, often with comical effect—that offers a popular audience an easy way to grasp [[psychoanalysis]]. Furthermore, [[parapraxes]] constitute one of the pillars of the [[psychopathology]] of everyday [[life]], which [[Freud]] considered necessary to [[understand]] [[mental]] [[pathology]] in a broader context. [[Freud]] discusses [[parapraxes]] in two of his major works: [[Psychopathology of Everyday Life]] (1901) and [[Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis]] (1915-17). Beyond the anecdotal nature of many of the examples in these two works, [[parapraxes]] clearly raise an issue fundamental for [[psychoanalytic]] [[thought]]—namely, the link between [[psychic]] [[determinism]] and the [[unconscious]]. [[Freud]] was led to clarify his [[position]] toward the [[notion]] of "chance" as differentiated from [[superstition]]: <blockquote>"I do not believe that an event in whose occurrence my mental life plays no part can teach me any hidden [[thing]] [[about]] the [[future]] shape of [[reality]]; but I believe that an unintentional manifestation of my own mental [[activity]] does on the [[other]] hand disclose something hidden, though again it is something that belongs only to my mental life [not to [[external]] reality]. I believe in external ([[real]]) chance, it is [[true]], but not in [[internal]] ([[psychical]]) accidental events."<ref>Freud, 1901b, p328</ref></blockquote> The link between [[parapraxes ]] and [[psychopathology]], moreover, is established, according to [[Freud]], uniquely through the fact that, in the [[case ]] of [[chance events ]] [[event]]s in a real [[world]], "slips" involve the most insignificant [[psychic events]] [[event]]s. By contrast, [[neurotic symptoms ]] [[symptom]]s are related to the most important [[psychic ]] functions from both [[individual ]] and [[social ]] perspectives. In both instances, however, the same [[processes ]] enable such symptoms [[symptom]]s to be understood, that is, as compromise formations [[formation]]s located between [[desire ]] and [[defense]], between a [[subject]]'s [[conscious ]] [[intention ]] and [[repression]].
==Lapsus==
Fault made by inadvertency consisting in substituting a [[word ]] for that which one wanted to say or write.
==References==
<references/>
* [[Freud, Sigmund]]. (1901b). The psychopathology of everyday life. SE,6.* ——. (1916-17a[1915-17]). Introductory lectures on [[psycho]]-[[analysis]]. SE, 15-16.
* Topique. (1997).
[[Category:Glossary]]
{{Encore}} p. 37''n''
: ''See also'' [[Slips of the tongue]]