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Parapraxis

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In [[psychoanalytic theory]], a [[bungled action ]] such as a [[slip of the tongue ]] whose [[goal ]] is not achieved and which is replaced by [[another]].
Like symptoms[[symptom]]s, [[parapraxes ]] are interpreted [[interpret]]ed by [[Freud]] as [[compromise formations formation]]s resulting from a [[conflict ]] between [[conscious ]] [[intentions ]] and [[repressed feelings ]] [[feeling]]s or impulses.
A [[parapraxis]] is an [[act]] that appears to be [[unintentional]] but can be [[understood]], through [[psychoanalytic]] exploration, to be perfectly motivated and [[unconscious]]ly determined.
A parapraxis is an act brief and delimited [[disturbance]] that appears to may be unintentional but can spontaneously explained as the result of chance or inattention, a [[parapraxis]] may be understood, through psychoanalytic exploration, readily perceived by its initiator or by a [[third]] party to be perfectly motivated and unconsciously determineda "mistake. "
A brief and delimited disturbance that may be spontaneously explained as [[Parapraxes]] include a wide range of events, including failures of [[memory]], slips of the result of chance tongue or inattentionpen, a parapraxis may be readily perceived by its initiator [[mistake]]s, and [[bungled]] or by a third party to be a "mistakeaccidental [[acts]]."
A [[parapraxis]] cannot be explained by referring to the [[nature]] of the "[[slip]]" itself, but [[psychoanalytic]] hypotheses make it possible for it to be described simultaneously as a [[mistake]] and not a [[mistake]], depending on one's point of view.
[[Parapraxes include a wide range of events, including failures of memory, slips of the tongue or pen, mistakes, and bungled or accidental acts]] interested [[Freud]] as early as 1890.
A parapraxis cannot be explained by referring In letters to the nature of the "slip" itself[[Wilhelm Fliess]], but psychoanalytic hypotheses make it possible for it to be described simultaneously as he created a mistake and not a mistake, depending on one's point [[virtual]] collection of viewexamples communicated to him by correspondents.
[[Parapraxes interested Freud as early as 1890]] represented, in fact, an important demonstration of [[disturbance]]s created by the [[unconscious]].
In letters As opposed to Wilhelm Fliess[[dream]]s, he created [[parapraxes]] tend to require fewer biographical details while providing valuable evidence—indeed, often with comical effect—that offers a virtual collection of examples communicated popular audience an easy way to him by correspondentsgrasp [[psychoanalysis]].
Parapraxes representedFurthermore, in fact, an important demonstration [[parapraxes]] constitute one of the pillars of disturbances created by the unconscious[[psychopathology]] of everyday [[life]], which [[Freud]] considered necessary to [[understand]] [[mental]] [[pathology]] in a broader context.
As opposed to dreams, [[Freud]] discusses [[parapraxes tend to require fewer biographical details while providing valuable evidence—indeed, often with comical effect—that offers a popular audience an easy way to grasp psychoanalysis]] in two of his major works: [[Psychopathology of Everyday Life]] (1901) and [[Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis]] (1915-17).
FurthermoreBeyond the anecdotal nature of many of the examples in these two works, [[parapraxes constitute one of ]] clearly raise an issue fundamental for [[psychoanalytic]] [[thought]]—namely, the pillars of link between [[psychic]] [[determinism]] and the psychopathology of everyday life, which Freud considered necessary to understand mental pathology in a broader context[[unconscious]].
[[Freud discusses parapraxes in two of ]] was led to clarify his major works: Psychopathology [[position]] toward the [[notion]] of Everyday Life (1901b) and Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Analysis (1916-17a "chance" as differentiated from [[1915-17superstition]]).:
Beyond <blockquote>"I do not believe that an event in whose occurrence my mental life plays no part can teach me any hidden [[thing]] [[about]] the anecdotal nature [[future]] shape of many [[reality]]; but I believe that an unintentional manifestation of my own mental [[activity]] does on the examples [[other]] hand disclose something hidden, though again it is something that belongs only to my mental life [not to [[external]] reality]. I believe in these two worksexternal ([[real]]) chance, parapraxes clearly raise an issue fundamental for psychoanalytic thought—namelyit is [[true]], the link between psychic determinism and the unconsciousbut not in [[internal]] ([[psychical]]) accidental events. "<ref>Freud was led to clarify his position toward the notion of "chance" (as discussed in the review Topique, 1997) as differentiated from superstition: 1901b, p328</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>"I do not believe that an event in whose occurrence my mental life plays no part can teach me any hidden thing about the future shape of reality; but I believe that an unintentional manifestation of my own mental activity does on the other hand disclose something hidden, though again it is something that belongs only to my mental life [not to external reality]. I believe in external (real) chance, it is true, but not in internal (psychical) accidental events."<ref>Freud, 1901b, p328</ref></blockquote>
The link between [[parapraxes]] and [[psychopathology]], moreover, is established, according to [[Freud]], uniquely through the fact that, in the [[case]] of [[chance]] [[event]]s in a real [[world]], "slips" involve the most insignificant [[psychic]] [[event]]s.
By contrast, [[neurotic]] [[symptom]]s are related to the most important [[psychic]] functions from both [[individual]] and [[social]] perspectives.
The link between parapraxes and psychopathology, moreover, is established, according to Freud, uniquely through the fact that, in the case of chance events in a real world, "slips" involve the most insignificant psychic events.  By contrast, neurotic symptoms are related to the most important psychic functions from both individual and social perspectives.  In both instances, however, the same [[processes ]] enable such symptoms [[symptom]]s to be understood, that is, as compromise formations [[formation]]s located between [[desire ]] and [[defense]], between a [[subject]]'s [[conscious ]] [[intention ]] and [[repression]].
==Lapsus==
Fault made by inadvertency consisting in substituting a [[word ]] for that which one wanted to say or write.
==References==
<references/>
* [[Freud, Sigmund]]. (1901b). The psychopathology of everyday life. SE,6.* ——. (1916-17a[1915-17]). Introductory lectures on [[psycho]]-[[analysis]]. SE, 15-16.
* Topique. (1997).
[[Category:Glossary]]
 
{{Encore}} p. 37''n''
: ''See also'' [[Slips of the tongue]]
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