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'''[[Image:Ricoeur paul.jpg|thumb|Paul Ricoeur]] Ricœur''' ([[February 27]], [[1913]], [[FranceValence, Drôme|Valence]] – [[May 20]], [[2005]], [[Chatenay Malabry]]) was a [[French people|French]] [[philosopher]] best known for combining [[phenomenology|phenomenological]] description with [[hermeneutics|hermeneutic]] [[interpretation]]. As such, he is connected to two [[other]] major hermeneutic phenomenologists, [[Martin Heidegger]] and [[Hans-Georg Gadamer]].
[[World War II|WWII]] interrupted Ricœur's early years were marked by two main facts. Firstcareer, and he was born drafted to a devout serve in the [[ProtestantFrench]] family, making him a member of a religious minority in [[Catholicarmy]] in 1939. His unit was [[Francecaptured]]. Second, his father died in during the [[WWIGerman]] invasion of France in 1915, when Ricoeur was only two 1940 and he spent the next five years oldas a prisoner of war. As a result he His detention camp was raised by his Aunt in filled with other intellectuals such as [[RennesMikel Dufrenne]] with who organized readings and classes sufficiently rigorous that the camp was accredited as a small degree-granting institution by the [[stipendVichy]] afforded to him as a war orphan. Ricœur was a bookish, intellectually precocious boy whose penchant for study was increased by his family's Protestant emphasis on Bible study. Ricœur received his ''license'' in [[1933government]] from the . During this [[University of Rennestime]] and began studying philosophy at the he read [[University of Paris|SorbonneKarl Jaspers]] in 1934, where he who was influenced by to have a great influence on him. He also began a [[Gabriel Marceltranslation]]. In of [[1935Edmund Husserl]] he 's ''[[agrégation| agrégatedIdeas]] second in the nation, presaging a bright future despite his provincial originsI''.
After the war Ricœur took up a [[World War II|WWIIposition]] interrupted Ricœur's career, and he was drafted to serve in at the French army in 1939. His unit was captured during the German invasion [[University of France in 1940 and he spent the next five years as a prisoner of war. His detention camp was filled with other intellectuals such as Strasbourg]] ([[Mikel Dufrenne1948]] who organized readings and classes sufficiently rigorous that the camp was accredited as a degree-granting institution by the [[Vichy1956]] government). During this time In [[1950]] he read received his doctorate submitting (as is customary in France) two theses: a 'minor' [[Karl Jaspersthesis]], who which was to have a great influence translation and commentary on him. He also began a translation of [[Edmund Husserl]]'s ''Ideas I''(the first available in French) and a 'major' thesis that would later be published as ''Le Volontaire et l'Involontaire''. As a result of his scholarly [[work]], Ricœur earned a reputation as an expert in [[phenomenology]], whose popularity in France had begun during the 1930s and increased during and after the war.
On November 29, 2004, he was awarded with the second [[Kluge Prize|John W. Kluge Prize for Lifetime Achievement in the Human Sciences]] (shared with [[Jaroslav Pelikan]]).
Paul Ricœur died the 20th May 2005 in his house in Chatenay Malabry, west of [[Paris]], during [[sleep ]] by [[natural ]] causes. French Prime Minister Jean Pierre Raffarin declared that "the [[humanist ]] European tradition is in [[mourning ]] for one of his most talented exponents".
== [[Bibliography ]] ==
* Gabriel Marcel and Karl Jaspers. ''[[Philosophie ]] du mystère et philosophie du paradoxe''. Paris: [[Temps ]] Présent, 1948.* ''[[Freedom ]] and [[Nature]]: The Voluntary and the Involuntary'', trans. Erazim Kohak. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1966 (1950).* ''[[History ]] and [[Truth]]'', trans. Charles A. Kelbley. Evanston: Northwestern University press. 1965 (1955).
* ''Fallible Man'', trans. with an introduction by Walter J. Lowe, New York: Fordham University Press, 1986 (1960).
* ''The Symbolism of Evil'', trans. Emerson Buchanan. New York: Harper and Row, 1967 (1960).
* ''Freud and Philosophy: An Essay on Interpretation'', trans. Denis Savage. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970 (1965).
* ''The [[Conflict ]] of [[Interpretations]]: Essays in [[Hermeneutics]]'', ed. Don Ihde, trans. Willis Domingo et al. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1974 (1969).
* ''Political and Social Essays'', ed. David Stewart and Joseph Bien, trans. Donald Stewart et al. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1974.
* ''The Rule of Metaphor: Multi-Disciplinary Studies in the Creation of Meaning in Language'', trans. Robert Czerny with Kathleen McLaughlin and John Costello, S. J., [[London]]: Routledge and Kegan Paul 1978 (1975).* ''Interpretation [[Theory]]: [[Discourse ]] and the [[Surplus ]] of Meaning''. Fort Worth: Texas [[Christian ]] Press, 1976.* ''The Philosophy of Paul Ricœur: An Anthology of his Work'', ed. Charles E. [[Reagan ]] and David Stewart. Boston: Beacon Press, 1978.* ''[[Theology ]] after Ricouer'', Dan Stiver, Westminster: John Knox Press* ''Hermeneutics and the [[Human ]] [[Sciences]]: Essays on Language, [[Action ]] and Interpretation'', ed., trans. John B. Thompson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
* ''Time and Narrative'' (''Temps et Récit''), 3 vols. trans. Kathleen McLaughlin and David Pellauer. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984, 1985, 1988 (1983, 1984, 1985).
* ''Lectures on [[Ideology ]] and Utopia'', ed., trans. George H. Taylor. New York: Columbia University Press, 1985.* ''From [[Text ]] to Action: Essays in Hermeneutics II'', trans. Kathleen Blamey and John B. Thompson. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1991 (1986).
* ''À l'école de la philosophie''. Paris: J. Vrin, 1986.
* ''Le mal: Un défi à la philosophie et à la théologie''. Geneva: Labor et Fides, 1986.
* ''Oneself as Another'' (''Soi-même comme un [[autre]]''), trans. Kathleen Blamey. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992 (1990).* ''A Ricœur Reader: [[Reflection ]] and [[Imagination]]'', ed. Mario J. Valdes. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1991.
* ''Lectures I: Autour du politique.'' Paris: Seuil, 1991.
* ''Lectures II: La Contrée des philosophes.'' Paris: Seuil, 1992.
==Further reading==
* The Philosophy of Paul Ricoeur. The [[Library ]] of [[Living ]] Philosophers (edited by L.E. Hahn), 1995.
* Paul Ricœur: His Life and Work. Charles F. Reagan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.
* Paul Ricœur: Les Sens d'une Vie. François Dosse. Paris: La Découverte, 1997.
* Paul Ricœur (Routledge Critical Thinkers). Karl Simms. London: Routledge Press, 2002.
* Essays on [[Biblical ]] Interpretation. Paul Ricouer. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1980.
==External Links==
* [http://www.theology.ie/thinkers/ricoeur.htm Irish Theological Association]
[[Category:1913 births|Ricoeur, PaulPhilosophy]][[Category: 2005 deaths|Ricoeur, Paul]][[Category:French philosophers|Ricoeur, PaulPeople]]
ricoeur, paul (332-333)