==Freudian Dictionary==
<blockquote>A further characteristic of the [[sexuality]] of early [[childhood]] is that the [[female]] [[organ]] as yet plays no part in it-the [[child]] has not yet discovered it. All the accent falls on the [[male]] organ, and all interest is concentrated on whether it is [[present]] or not.<ref>{{QLA}} Ch. 4</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>If we penetrate deeply into the [[neuroses]] of [[women]], we not infrequently meet with the [[repressed]] [[wish]] to possess a [[penis]]. We call this [[infantile]] wish "penis-[[envy]]" and include it within the [[castration]] [[complex]]....<ref>{{TIAE}}</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>We ascribe a castration-complex to the female sex as well as to the male. That complex has not the same [[content]] in girls as in boys. The little castration-complex in the [[girl]] , as well, is started by the [[sight]] of the [[genital]] organs of the [[other]] sex. She immediately notices the strikingly visible [[difference]], and well-proportioned it must be admitted-its [[significance]]. She feels herself at a great disadvantage, and often declares that she would "like to have something like that too," and falls a [[victim]] to ''penis-envy'', which leaves ineradicable traces on her [[development]] and [[character]]-[[formation]] , and, even in the most favorable instances, is not overcome without a great expenditure of [[mental]] [[energy]]. That the girl recognizes the fact that she [[lacks]] a brother or playmatepenis, does not mean that she accepts its [[absence]] lightly. On the contrary, immediately recognizing she clings for a long [[time]] to the [[desire]] to get something like it , and believes in that possibility for an extraordinary [[number]] of years; and even at a time when her [[knowledge]] of [[reality]] has long since led her to abandon the fulfilment of this desire as [[being]] quite unattainable, [[analysis]] proves that it still persists in the [[unconscious]], and retains a considerable charge of energy .... The discovery of her castration is a turning-point in the [[life]] of the girl. [[Three]] lines of development diverge from it; one leads to [[sexual]] [[inhibition]] or to [[neurosis]], the second to a modification of character in the superior [[counterpartsense]] of [[masculinity]] complex, and the [[third]] to normal [[femininity]] .... At first the girl looks on her own small castration as a personal misfortune, and hidden little organ only gradually extends it to other females, and from then on she is subject eventually to her [[penis envymother]]. <ref>{{NILP}} Ch. 5</ref></blockquote>
She has seen it<blockquote>The small girl feels sensitive over tbe [[lack]] of a sex organ equal to the boy's, knows and holds herself to be inferior on that she does not have it, account; and wants itthat this "penis-envy" gives rise to a [[whole]] series of characteristic [[feminine]] reactions.<ref>{{QLA}} Ch. 4</ref></blockquote>
This is the way <blockquote>The girl holds her mother [[Freudresponsible]] describes [[for her lack of a penis envy]] in [[Some Psychical Consequences of the Anatomical Distinction between the Sexes]] (1925j), and never forgives her for that deficiency. <ref>{{NILP}} Ch.5</ref></blockquote>
===Child-Penis-Wish===<blockquote>The first allusion wish with which the girl turns to her [[envyfather]] in relation to is, no [[doubt]], ultimately the wish for the penis, which her mother has refused her and which she now expects from her father. The feminine [[situation]] is, however, only established when the wish for the penisis replaced by the wish for a child -the child taking the [[place]] appears of the penis, in accordance with the old [[On the Sexual Theories of Childrensymbolic]] equation .... Her [[happiness]] is great indeed when this desire for a child one day finds [[real]] in 1908fulfilment; but especially is this so if the child is a little girl then declares "that she would rather be a boywho brings the longed-for penis with him.<ref>{{NILP}} Ch." 5</ref></blockquote>
It constitutes the [[girl]]'s [[castration complex]] whereas [[anxiety]] concerning the [[penis]] constitutes the boy's [[castration complex]]. The [[castration complex]] leads to "masculine protest," a term invented by Adler and which he attached to ego instincts and not to sexual instincts. In [[The Sexual Theories of Children]] (1908c), [[Freud]] says that the little girl would rather be a boy but then the accent is put, not on the situation of boys in general, but on the possession of the male sexual organ in itself. The girl reproaches her mother with not having given her one and turns away from her to take the father as a love object. [[Penis envy]] and the [[castration complex]] thus bring her into the [[Oedipus complex]] out of which, unlike the boy, she will never emerge (cf. The Dissolution of the Oedipus Complex, 1924d). The [[desire]] for a [[penis]] is replaced by the [[desire]] for a [[child]] by the [[father]]. But, whereas the [[boy]] [[identifies]] with the rival and forbidding father and thus constitutes a solid [[superego]], the girl does not manage to produce a [[superego]] of the same quality. The result is a series of feminine characteristics: the woman "displays a lesser sense of justice, a lesser inclination to submit herself to the great necessities of life," "she more often allows herself to be guided in her decisions by tender and hostile sentiments." In short, we must not allow ourselves "to be misled by the argumentations of feminists who want to impose on us a complete parity of position and appreciation between the sexes." [[Freud]]'s position is linked to his [[phallocentrism]] and he failed to assess the degree to which it derived from the [[patriarchal]] [[culture]] in which he lived. He studied only the case of boys in depth and deducted from it, mutatis mutandis, conclusions concerning girls. He could not conceive of women except in negative terms: in order to become a woman, a man would have to renounce his penis. He was unable to conceive of women in a positive manner, as equipped with organs in which the man is lacking. He could conceive that a man might be afraid of women who want to take his penis from him. He could not conceive of men desiring femininity, maternity, or breasts. Women could have the fantasy of being no more than castrated men. Freud asserted that the castration of women was a reality that they had to accept. He thus forced them into a feeling of inferiority from which it is difficult to see a way out. Children of both sexes are subjected to trauma when they learn that, whether boy or girl, neither one is the totality of the human being. Each one relies on their peer group for self-valorization and to devalorize the other. It is in this more general framework that we must situate [[castration]] [[anxiety]] and [[penis envy]]. [[Penis envy]] does not consist in wanting to change sex but fits into the narcissistic continuity: the girl would like to have the narcissistic and social advantages linked with the possession of a penis, rather than the organ itself (Horney, 1922), especially if she has the experience of her father and mother putting more value on the male child. Biological bedrock; Castration complex; Envy; Feminine sexuality; Feminism and psychoanalysis; Femininity; Femininity, refusal of; New Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis; Oedipus complex; Pregnancy, fantasy of; Phallic mother; Phallic stage; Psychology of Women, The. A Psychoanalytic Interpretation; Puerperal psychoses; "Some Psychical Consequences of the Anatomical Distinction between the Sexes"; Wish for a baby. * Freud, Sigmund. (1908c). On the sexual theories of children. SE, 9: 205-226.* ——. (1913h). Observations and analyses drawn from analytical practice.* ——. (1925j). Some psychical consequences of the anatomical distinction between the sexes. SE, 19: 241-258.* ——. (1932a). The acquisition and control of fire. SE, 22: 183-193.* ——. (1933a [1932]). New introductory lectures on psycho-analysis, SE, 22: 1-182. [[Category:Psychoanalysis]][[Category:Terms]][[Category:Concepts]][[Category:Sigmund Freud]][[Category:Jacques Lacan]] PAGES 97, 103 HOMERpenis envy 35, 37 [[Category:Psychoanalysis]][[Category:Terms]]{{Freudian Dictionary}}
