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Project:How to edit a page

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''This page has been adapted from one on the [[w:Wikipedia:How to edit a page|Wikipedia]], and still needs further editing, keep this in mind if you are using it for guidance.''
__NOTOC__
==Introduction==

[[Wikiquote]] is a [[w:Wiki|Wiki]], meaning that anyone can edit with ease any [[Wikipedia:What is an article|article]] and have those changes posted immediately. This page is the reference for '''Wiki markup'''. You may also want to learn about:

* [[Wikiquote:How to start a page|How to start a page]]
* Informal tips on [[w:Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia|contributing to Wikiquote]]
* Editing tasks in general at the [[w:Wikipedia:Editing FAQ|Wikipedia:Editing FAQ]]
* Preferred layout of your article at [[Wikiquote:Guide to layout|Guide to layout]]
* Style conventions in the [[Wikiquote:Manual of style|Manual of style]]
* General policies in [[Wikiquote:Policies and guidelines|Policies and guidelines]]
* [[w:Wikipedia:Naming conventions|Wikipedia:Naming conventions]] for how to name articles themselves
* Finally, for a list of all articles about editing Wikipedia, see [[w:Category:Wikipedia|Category:Wikipedia]].

It's very easy to edit a Wiki page. Just click on the "'''Edit this page'''" link at the top or bottom (also on the sidebar) of a Wiki page to change the page itself, or click on "'''Discuss this page'''" link and then on "Edit this page" to write on the corresponding [[w:Wikipedia:Talk page|talk page]]. This will bring you to a page with a text box containing the editable text of that Wiki page.

Then type away, write a short [[w:Wikipedia:Edit summary|edit summary]] on the small field below the edit-box and when finished press "Save"! You can also preview your changes before saving if you like. Depending on your system, pressing Enter while the edit box is not active (there is no typing cursor in it) may have the same effect as pressing Save.

Please use a [[w:Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]], and please [[w:Wikipedia:Cite sources|cite your sources]] so others can check and extend your work.

It is often more convenient to copy and paste the text first into your
favorite text editor, edit and spell check there, and then paste back
into the browser to preview. This way, you can also keep a local backup copy of the pages you authored so that you can make changes offline.

== Minor edits ==
When editing a page, a [[w:Wikipedia:How to log in|logged-in]] user has the option of flagging the edit as a "minor edit". When to use this is somewhat a matter of personal preference. The rule of thumb is that an edit of a page that is spelling corrections, formatting, and minor rearranging of text should be flagged as a "minor edit". A major edit is basically something that makes the entry worth relooking at for somebody who wants to watch the article rather closely, so any "real" change, even if it is a single word is a major edit. This feature is important, because users can choose to ''hide'' minor edits in their view of the Recent Changes page, to keep the volume of edits down to a manageable level.

The reason for not allowing a user who is not logged in to mark an edit as minor is that vandalism could then be marked as a minor edit, in which case it would stay unnoticed longer. This limitation is another reason to log in.

== The wiki markup ==
In the left column of the table below, you can see what effects are possible. In the right column, you can see how those effects were achieved. In other words, to make text look like it looks in the left column, type it in the format you see in the right column.

You may want to keep this page open in a separate browser window for reference. If you want to try out things without danger of doing any harm, you can do so in the [[Wikiquote:Sandbox|Sandbox]].

=== Sections, paragraphs, lists and lines ===

<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<th>What it looks like</th>
<th>What you type</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
Start your sections with header lines:

== New section ==
=== Subsection ===
==== Sub-subsection ====

</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>

== New section ==

=== Subsection ===

==== Sub-subsection ====
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>
A single [[w:newline|newline]]
has no effect on the layout.
These can be used to separate
sentences within a paragraph.
Some editors find that this aids editing
and improves the ''diff'' function.

But an empty line
starts a new paragraph.
</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki>A single [[w:newline]]
has no effect on the layout.
These can be used to separate
sentences within a paragraph.
Some editors find that this aids editing
and improves the ''diff'' function.

But an empty line
starts a new paragraph.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top"><td>You can break lines 
without starting a new paragraph.</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>You can break lines 
without starting a new paragraph.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>
* Lists are easy to do:
** start every line with a star
** more stars means deeper levels
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>* Lists are easy to do:
** start every line with a star
** more stars means deeper levels
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>
# Numbered lists are also good
## very organized
## easy to follow
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki># Numbered lists are also good
## very organized
## easy to follow</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>
* You can even do mixed lists
*# and nest them
*#* like this
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>* You can even do mixed lists
*# and nest them
*#* like this</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>
; Definition list : list of definitions
; item : the item's definition
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>; Definition list : list
of definitions
; item : the item's definition</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>
: A colon indents a line or paragraph.
A manual newline starts a new paragraph.

* This is primarily for displayed material, but is also used for discussion on [[w:Wikipedia:Talk page|Talk page]]s.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>: A colon indents a line or paragraph.
A manual newline starts a new paragraph.

</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr valign=top>
<td>
<pre><nowiki>IF a line starts with a space THEN
it will be formatted exactly
as typed;
in a fixed-width font;
lines won't wrap;
ENDIF
this is useful for:
* pasting preformatted text;
* algorithm descriptions;
* program source code
* ascii art;</nowiki></pre>

WARNING If you make it wide,
you [[w:page widening|force the whole page to be wide]] and
hence less readable. Never start ordinary lines with spaces.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki> IF a line starts with a space THEN
it will be formatted exactly
as typed;
in a fixed-width font;
lines won't wrap;
ENDIF
this is useful for:
* pasting preformatted text;
* algorithm descriptions;
* program source code
* ascii art;</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top"><td><center>Centered text.</center>
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki><center>Centered text.</center></nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>A [[w:Wikipedia:Section|horizontal dividing line]]: above
----
and below.

Mainly useful for separating threads on Talk pages.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>A horizontal dividing line: above
----
and below. </nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Links, URLs, images ==

<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<th>What it looks like</th>
<th>What you type</th>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>London has good [[public transport]].
*First letter of target is automatically capitalized.
*Internally spaces are automatically represented as underscores (typing an underscore has the same effect as typing a space, but is not recommended).
Thus the link above is to <nowiki>http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transport</nowiki>, which is the article with the name "Public transport".
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>London has good [[public transport]].</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>
Link to a section on a page, e.g.
[[List_of_cities_by_country#Morocco]] (links to non-existent sections aren't really broken, they are treated as links to the page, i.e. to the top)</td><td>
<nowiki>[[List_of_cities_by_country#Morocco]]</nowiki></td>.
</tr>

<tr valign="top"><td>Same target, different name ("[[piped link]]"): [[wikipedia FAQ|answers]].
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>Same target, different name:
[[wikipedia FAQ|answers]]</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td>Endings are blended into the link: [[test]]ing, [[gene]]s
</td>
<td>

<pre><nowiki>Endings are blended
into the link: [[test]]ing, [[gene]]s</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td>
Automatically hide stuff in parentheses: [[kingdom (biology)|kingdom]].
Automatically hide namespace: [[Wikiquote:Village pump|Village pump]].

The server fills in the part after the | when you save the page. Next time you open the edit box you will see the expanded piped link. A preview interprets the abbreviated form correctly, but does not expand it yet in the edit box. Press Save and again Edit, and you will see the expanded version. The same applies for the following feature.

</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki>Automatically hide stuff in parentheses:
[[kingdom (biology)|]]. </nowiki></pre>

<pre><nowiki>Automatically hide namespace:
[[Wikiquote:Village pump|]].</nowiki></pre>
</td></tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td>
Link to articles in other wiki
projects, like
[[w:Automobile|Automobile]] (Wikipedia),
[[wikt:novel|novel]] (Wiktionary), and
[[wikisource:Hamlet|Hamlet]] (Wikisource).

A partial list of shorthand prefixes for other projects is available at [http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix List of Wikimedia wikis].

</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki>Link to articles in other wiki
projects, like
[[w:Automobile|]] (Wikipedia),
[[wikt:novel|]] (Wiktionary), and
[[wikisource:Hamlet|]] (Wikisource).</nowiki></pre>
</td></tr>

<tr>
<td>When adding a comment to a Talk page,
you should sign it. You can do this by
adding three tildes for your user name:
: [[User:Montrealais|Montrealais]]
or four for user name plus date/time:
: [[User:Montrealais|Montrealais]] 08:10 Oct 5, 2002 (UTC)</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>When adding a comment to a Talk page,
you should sign it. You can do this by
adding three tildes for your user name:
: ~~~
or four for user name plus date/time:
: ~~~~</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top"><td>[[The weather in London]] is a page that doesn't
exist yet.

*You can create it by clicking on the link.

*To create a new page:
*#Create a link to it on some other page.
*#Save that page.
*#Click on the link you just made. The new page will open for editing.
*Have a look at [[w:Help:Starting a new page|starting a new page]] guide and Wikipedia's [[w:Wikipedia:Naming conventions|naming conventions]].
*After creating a page, search for its title and make sure that everyone correctly links to it.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>[[The weather in London]] is a page
that doesn't exist yet.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top"><td>
[[w:Wikipedia:Redirect|Redirect]] one article title to another by putting text like this in its first line.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>#REDIRECT [[United States]]</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top"><td>
For a special way to link to the article on the same subject in another language, see [[w:Wikipedia:Interlanguage links|Wikipedia:Interlanguage links]].

</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top"><td>External link: [http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia]
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>External link:
[http://www.nupedia.com Nupedia]</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top"><td>Or just give the URL: http://www.nupedia.com.

*In the [[URL]] all symbols must be among: A-Z a-z 0-9 ._\/~%-+&#?!=()@ \x80-\xFF. If a URL contains a different character it should be converted; for example, ^ has to be written %5E (to be looked up in [[ASCII]]).
</td>

<td><pre><nowiki>Or just give the URL:
http://www.nupedia.com.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top"><td>A picture: [[Image:Wiki.png|Wikiquote]]

* Only images that have been uploaded to English Wikiquote or [[commons:Main Page|Wikimedia Commons]] can be used. To upload images, use the [[Special:Upload|upload page]]. You can find the uploaded image on the [[Special:Imagelist|image list]]. See [[Wikipedia:Image use policy]] for many more hints.

</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
A picture: [[Image:Wiki.png]]</nowiki></pre>
or, with alternate text (''strongly'' encouraged) 
<pre><nowiki>[[Image:Wiki.png|Wikiquote]] </nowiki>
</pre>

Browsers render alternate text when not displaying an image -- for example, when the image isn't loaded, or in a text-only browser, or when spoken aloud. See [[w:Wikipedia:Alternate text for images|Alternate text for images]] for help on choosing alternate text.
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>
Clicking on an uploaded image displays a description page, which you can also link directly to: [[:Image:Wiki.png]]
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>

[[:Image:Wiki.png]]
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>
Similar markups are used for categories:
Plain wiki link categorizes the page under a certain category (see somewhere this page: you find a link to category "Wikiquote").
Clicking on a category link leads you to a category page, which you can also link directly in the page elsewhere to: [[:Category:Categories]]
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
[[Category:Wikiquote]]
</nowiki></pre>

<pre><nowiki>
[[:Category:Wikiquote]]
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>
To include links to non-image uploads such as sounds, or to images shown as links instead of drawn on the page, use a "media" link.

 [[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|Sound]]
 
 [[media:Tornado.jpg|Image of a Tornado]]
</td>
<td>
<pre>
<nowiki>

[[media:Sg_mrob.ogg|Sound]]

[[media:Tornado.jpg|Image of a Tornado]]

</nowiki></pre></td></tr>

<tr>
<td>
To link to books, you can use [[w:Wikipedia:ISBN|ISBN]] links.

ISBN 0123456789X
</td>
<td>
<nowiki>ISBN 0123456789X</nowiki>
</table>

== Character formatting ==

<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<th>What it looks like</th>
<th>What you type</th>
</tr>

<tr valign="top"><td>
''Emphasize'', '''strongly''', '''''very strongly'''''.
*These are double and triple apostrophes, not double quotes.
</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki>''Emphasize'', '''strongly''',
'''''very strongly'''''.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top"><td>
You can also write italic and bold
if the desired effect is a specific font style
rather than emphasis, as in mathematical formulae:

:F = ma

*However, the difference between these two methods is not very important for graphical browsers, and many people choose to ignore it.
</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki>You can also write italic and bold
if the desired effect is a specific font style
rather than emphasis, as in mathematical formulas:

:F = ma</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr valign=top>
<td>A typewriter font for <tt>technical terms</tt>.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>A typewriter font for <tt>technical terms</tt>.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr valign=top>
<td>You can use small text for captions.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>You can use small text for captions.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top"><td>You can <strike>strike out deleted material</strike>
and underline new material.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>You can <strike>strike out deleted material</strike>
and underline new material.</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td>
'''Umlauts and accents:''' (See [[Meta:Help:Special characters|Help:Special characters]]) 
À Á Â Ã Ä Å 
Æ Ç È É Ê Ë 
Ì Í
Î Ï Ñ Ò 
Ó Ô Õ
Ö Ø Ù 
Ú Û Ü ß
à á 
â ã ä å æ
ç 
è é ê ë ì í 
î ï ñ ò ó ô 
&oelig; õ
ö ø ù ú 
û ü ÿ
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>

&Agrave; &Aacute; &Acirc; &Atilde; &Auml; &Aring;
&AElig; &Ccedil; &Egrave; &Eacute; &Ecirc; &Euml;
&Igrave; &Iacute; &Icirc; &Iuml; &Ntilde; &Ograve;
&Oacute; &Ocirc; &Otilde; &Ouml; &Oslash; &Ugrave;
&Uacute; &Ucirc; &Uuml; &szlig; &agrave; &aacute;
&acirc; &atilde; &auml; &aring; &aelig; &ccedil;
&egrave; &eacute; &ecirc; &euml; &igrave; &iacute;
&icirc; &iuml; &ntilde; &ograve; &oacute; &ocirc;
&oelig; &otilde; &ouml; &oslash; &ugrave; &uacute;
&ucirc; &uuml; &yuml;</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>

<tr valign=top>
<td>
'''Punctuation:''' 
¿ ¡ « » § ¶ 
&dagger; &Dagger; • —
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>

&iquest; &iexcl; &laquo; &raquo; &sect; &para;
&dagger; &Dagger; &bull; &mdash;</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top">
<td>
'''Commercial symbols:''' 
™ © ® ¢ € ¥ 
£ ¤</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>

&trade; &copy; &reg; &cent; &euro; &yen;
&pound; &curren;
</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top"><td>Subscript: x2 
Superscript: x2 or x²
*The latter method of superscript can't be used in the most general context, but is preferred when possible (as with units of measurement) because most browsers have an easier time formatting lines with it.
ε0 =
8.85 × 10−12
C² / J m.</td>

<td><pre><nowiki>Subscript: x2
Superscript: x2 or x&sup2;

&epsilon;0 =
8.85 &times; 10&minus;12
C&sup2; / J m.</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top"><td>'''Greek characters:''' 
α β γ δ ε ζ 
η θ ι κ λ μ ν 
ξ ο π ρ σ &sigmaf; 
τ υ φ χ ψ ω 
Γ Δ Θ Λ Ξ Π 
Σ Φ Ψ Ω
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>

&alpha; &beta; &gamma; &delta; &epsilon; &zeta;
&eta; &theta; &iota; &kappa; &lambda; &mu; &nu;

&xi; &omicron; &pi; &rho; &sigma; &sigmaf;
&tau; &upsilon; &phi; &chi; &psi; &omega;
&Gamma; &Delta; &Theta; &Lambda; &Xi; &Pi;
&Sigma; &Phi; &Psi; &Omega;
</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
'''Math characters:''' 
∫ ∑ ∏ √ − ± ∞ 
≈ &prop; &equiv; ≠ ≤ ≥ → 
× · ÷ ∂ ′ ″ 
∇ &permil; ° &there4; &alefsym; ø 
∈ ∉ ∩ ∪ ⊂ ⊃ &sube; &supe; 
¬ &and; &or; ∃ ∀ ⇒ ⇔ 
→ ↔ 
(See also [[w:Wikipedia:WikiProject Mathematics|Wikipedia:WikiProject Mathematics]])
</td>
<td valign="middle"><pre><nowiki>
&int; &sum; &prod; &radic; &minus; &plusmn; &infin;
&asymp; &prop; &equiv; &ne; &le; &ge; &rarr;
&times; &middot; &divide; &part; &prime; &Prime;
&nabla; &permil; &deg; &there4; &alefsym; &oslash;
&isin; &notin; &cap; &cup; &sub; &sup; &sube; &supe;
&not; &and; &or; &exist; &forall; &rArr; &hArr;
&rarr; &harr;</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>

<tr valign="top"><td>x2   ≥   0 true.
*To space things out, use non-breaking spaces - <tt>&nbsp;</tt>.
*<tt>&nbsp;</tt> also prevents line breaks in the middle of text, this is useful in formulas.
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
x2&nbsp;&nbsp;&ge;&nbsp;&nbsp;0 true.
</nowiki></pre></td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>
'''Complicated formulae:''' 
  <math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math>
* See [[Meta:Help:Formula]]
</td>
<td><pre><nowiki>
<math>\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!}</math>
</nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>
'''Suppressing interpretation of markup:''' 
<nowiki>Link → (to) the [[Wikiquote:FAQ]]</nowiki>
* Used to show literal data that would otherwise have special meaning.
* Escapes all wiki markup, including that which looks like HTML tags.
* Does not escape HTML character entities.
</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki><nowiki>Link &rarr; (to)
the [[Wikiquote:FAQ]]</nowiki></nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>

<tr>
<td>
'''Commenting page source:''' 
''not shown in page''
* Used to leave comments in a page for future editors.
</td>
<td>
<pre><nowiki></nowiki></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>

== Tables ==

=== Placement of the Table of Contents (TOC) ===
At the current status of the wiki makup language, at least four headers automatically trigger the TOC in front of the first header (or after introductory sections). Adding <nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki> anywhere in the page forces a TOC for pages with fewer than four headers. Putting <nowiki>__NOTOC__</nowiki> anywhere forces the TOC to disappear.

=== HTML tables ===
HTML tables can be quite useful as well. For details on how to use them and discussion about when they are appropriate, see [[w:Wikipedia:How to use tables|Wikipedia:How to use tables]].

==See also==

*[[w:UseModWiki|UseModWiki]]
*[[w:Wikipedia:MediaWiki|Wikipedia:MediaWiki]]
*[[w:HTML element|HTML tag]]
*[[w:Wikipedia:Protected page|Wikipedia:Protected page]]
*[[Wikiquote:Votes for deletion|Wikiquote:Votes for deletion]]

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