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[[Freud]] distinguishes between [[psychoanalysis]] as# a method for investigating [[unconsciousPsychoanalysis]] mental processes,# a method for treating neurotic disorders, and# is a set of psychological theories about and methods based on the mental processes revealed by the psychoanalytic method work of investigation and treatment.<ref>{{F}} "Two Encyclopaedia Articles." 1923. SE XVIII. p[[Sigmund Freud]].235</ref>
==History==
===Efficacy===
===Cost and length===
===Training===
==Theory==
===The Unconscious and Psychic Structures===
===Roots of Neurosis==
===Life and Death Instincts===
===Post-Freudian Schools===
===Influence===
==Criticisms==[[Lacan]] trained initially as a [[psychiatrist]], and turned to [[psychoanalysis]] to help him with his [[psychiatric]] research. This then led [[Lacan]] to train as a [[psychoanalyst]] himself in the 1930s. From then on, until his [[death]] in 1981, he dedicated himself to practicing as an [[analyst]] and developing [[psychoanalytic theory]]. In the process, [[Lacan]] constructed a highly original way of discussing [[psychoanalysis]] which both reflected and determined an original way of conducting the [[treatment]]; in this sense it is thus possible to speak of a specifically [[Lacanian]] form of [[psychoanalytic treatment]]. However, [[Lacan]] never admits that he has created a distinctive "[[Lacanian]]" form of [[psychoanalysis]]. On the contrary, when he describes his own approach to [[psychoanalysis]], he speaks only of "[[psychoanalysis]]," thus implying that his own approach is the only authentic form of [[psychoanalysis]], the only one which is truly in line with [[Freud]]'s approach. Thus the three major non-[[Lacanian]] [[school]]s of [[psychoanalytic theory]] ([[Kleinian psychoanalysis]], [[Ego-psychology]], [[Object-relations theory]]) are all, in [[Lacan]]'s view, deviations from authentic [[psychoanalysis]] whose errors his own [[return to Freud]] is designed to correct. -- From the very beginning, [[Lacan]] argues that [[psychoanalytic theory]] is a [[scientific]] rather than a [[religious]] mode of [[discourse]], with a specific object. Attempts to apply concepts developed in psychoanalytic theory to other objects cannot claim to be doing "applied psychoanalysis," since [[psychoanalytic theory]] is not a general master discourse but the theory of a specific situation.{{Ec}} p.747</ref> [[Psychoanalysis]] is an autonomous discipline; it may borrow concepts from many other disciplines, but this doe snotmeant that it is dependent on any of them, since it reworks these concepts in a unique way. Thus psychoanalysis is not a brance of [[psychology]], nor of medicine, nor of [[philosophy]], nor of [[linguistics]], and it is certainly not a form of psychotherapy, since its aim is not to "cure" but to articulate truth. ===Scientific Validity=====See Also=Controversy over Efficacy===* [[Practice]]* [[Theory]]* [[Unconscious]] ==References=Theoretical Criticism===<references/>
