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In his pre-===Middle Work===However, from [[{{Y}}|1950 writings]] on, Lacan sees there is a gradual but constant tendency to dissociate [[psychoanalysis and ]] from [[psychology as parallel disciplines which can cross-fertilise each other]]. [[Lacan]] begins by arguing that [[psychology]] is confined to an [[understanding]] of [[nature|animal psychology]] ([[nature|ethology]]):

Although he <blockquote>"The psychological is very critical of the conceptual inadequacies of associationist psychology, Lacan argues that psychoanalysis can help if we try to build an 'authentic psychology' free from such errors by providing grasp it with truly scientific concepts such as firmly as possible, the ethological, that is the [[imagowhole]] and of the [[complexbiological]] [[individual]]'s [[behaviour]] in relation to his [[natural]] [[environment]]. (Lacan, 1936)"<ref>{{S3}} p.7</ref></blockquote>

HoweverThis is not to say that it cannot say anything [[about]] [[human]] [[being]]s, from 1950 onfor [[human]]s are also [[animal]]s, there but that it cannot say anything about that which is a gradual but constant tendency to dissociate psychoanalysis from psychologyuniquely [[human]]. <ref>Although at one point [[Lacan begins by arguing ]] does [[state]] that psychology is confined to an understanding the [[theory]] of the [[ego]] and of animal psychology (ethology): [[narcissism]] 'extend' modern ethological research.{{Ec}} p. 472</ref>

<blockquote>"The psychological Thus [[psychology]] is, if we try reduced to general laws of behavior which apply to grasp it as firmly as possibleall [[animal]]s, including [[human]] [[being]]s; [[Lacan]] rejects "the ethological, that [[doctrine]] of a discontinuity between animal psychology and human psychology which is the whole of the biological individual's behaviour in relation to his natural environmentfar away from our [[thought]]."<ref>{{S3Ec}} p. 7484</ref></blockquote> However, [[Lacan]] vigorously rejects the [[biology|behaviorist theory]] according to which the same general laws of behaviour are sufficient to explain all [[human]] [[psychic]] phenomena. Only [[psychoanalysis]], which uncovers the [[linguistics|linguistic basis]] of [[human]] [[subjectivity]], is adequate to explain those psychic phenomena which are specifically [[human]].

This is not to say that it cannot say anything about human beings, for humans are also animals, but that it cannot say anything about that which is uniquely human (although at one point Lacan does state that the theory of the ego and of narcissism 'extend' modern ethological research; Ec, 472).  Thus psychology is reduced to general laws of behaviour which apply to all animals, including human beings; Lacan rejects 'the doctrine of a discontinuity between animal psychology and human psychology which is far away from our thought' (Ec, 484).  However, Lacan vigorously rejects the behaviourist theory according to which the same general laws of behaviour are sufficient to explain all human psychic phenomena.  Only psychoanalysis, which uncovers the linguistic basis of human subjectivity, is adequate to explain those psychic phenomena which are specifically human.  ---===Latest Work===In the [[{{Y}}|1960s ]] the distance between [[psychoanalysis ]] and [[psychology ]] is emphasised further in [[Lacan]]'s [[Works of Jacques Lacan|work]].   [[Lacan ]] argues that [[psychology ]] is essentially a tool of "technocratic exploitation",(<ref>{{Ec}} p.851; {{Ec}} p. 832</ref> and that it is dominated by the [[delusion|illusions ]] of [[lack|wholeness ]] and [[imaginary|synthesis]], [[nature]] and [[instinct]], [[autonomy ]] and [[consciousness|self-consciousness (]].<ref>{{Ec, }} p. 832).  </ref> [[Psychoanalysis]], on the other hand, subverts these illusions [[illusion]]s cherished by [[psychology]], and in this [[sense ]] "the [[Freudian ]] [[enunciation ]] has [[nothing ]] to do with psychology.<ref>{{S17}} p. 144</ref>   For example the most cherished [[illusion ]] of [[psychology ]] is '"the [[unity ]] of the subject",<ref>{{E}} p. 294</ref>, and [[psychoanalysis ]] subverts this [[notion ]] by demonstrating that the [[subject ]] is irremediably [[split ]] or "barred[[bar]]red".

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