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{{TopToppp}}psychose]]|-|| [[German]]: ''[[Psychose{{Bottom}}
[[Psychosis]] is a nosological [[category]] distinct from [[neurosis]] and [[perversion]]. It is brought [[about]] by the [[foreclosure]] of a primordial [[signifier]], the [[Name-of-the-Father]].
# A [[particular]] relation to reality
# A special relation of the subject to his [[speech]];
# A particular structure of the subject
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==Sigmund Freud==
It is [[true]] that Freud had found that the [[discourse]] of the psychotic and the apparently bizarre and meaningless phenomena of psychosis could be deciphered and [[understood]], just as [[dreams]] can. Freud's [[analysis]] of the psychotic [[Schreber]]'s memoirs thus broke with contemporary approaches to psychosis, which regarded psychotics as beyond the limits of [[understanding]] (Freud, 1951).
However, as Lacan points out, the fact that the psychotic's discourse is just as interpretable as that of the neurotic leaves the two disorders at the same level and fails to account for the major differences between [[them]], thus the [[distinction]] between the two remains to be explained. It is around this issue of the different mechanisms in psychosis and neurosis that Lacan's major contribution to the study of psychosis revolves.
=====Sigmund Freud===Jacques Lacan=======Psychosis and Neurosis==History===During [[FreudLacan]] discussed [[psychosis]] throughout his [[Jacques Lacan:Bibliography|work]]. His interest in [[psychosis]] predates his interest in [[psychoanalysis]]. [[Jacques Lacan]] studied [[psychosis]] for his doctoral research about a [[woman]] he calls "[[Aimee]]."<ref>{{1932}}</ref> Indeed it was his doctoral research, which concerned a [[psychotic]] [[woman]] whom [[Lacan]] calls [[Aimée]] that first led [[Lacan]] to [[psychoanalytic theory]].<ref>{{1932}}</ref> It is common to compare [[Lacan]]'s life, a basic distinction between tortured and at [[times]] almost incomprehensible style of [[psychosiswriting]] and '''speaking to the discourse of [[psychotic]] [[patient]]s. [[neurosisLacan]]''' came to be generally accepted, according to which s discussions of [[psychosis]] designated extreme forms are among the most significant and original aspects of his [[treatment|mental illnesswork]]. [[Lacan]] and 's most detailed [[discussion]] of [[psychosis]] appears in his [[seminar]] of 1955-6, entitled simply ''[[neurosisSeminar III|The Psychoses]]''' denoted less serious disorders. It is here that he expounds what come to be the main tenets of the [[Lacan]]ian approach to [[madness]].
=====Jacques Lacan==The Psychotic Relation to Reality===In his articles on [[Lacanpsychosis]] [[Freud]] noted the [[psychotic]]'s interest altered relation to [[reality]]. The 'imaginary [[external]] world' of a psychosis attempts to put itself in [[psychosisplace]] of the 'external world'. (In Lacanian [[terms]], there are altered relations between [[the Imaginary]] predates his interest and Real Orders, in parallel with an alteration in [[psychoanalysisthe Symbolic]]Order).
===The Relation of the Subject to his Speech===
Lacan asserted that the failure to take account of the relation of the subject to his speech had resulted in a failure to [[understand]] psychotic phenomena.
<!-- =====Foreclosure and the Oedipus complex=Language Disorders====--><!-- The [[language]] phenomena most notable in [[psychosis]] are ''disorders'' of [[language]], and [[Lacan]] argues that the [[presence]] of such disorders is a necessary condition for a diagnosis of [[psychosis]].<ref>{{S3}} p. 92</ref> Among the psychotic language disorders which Lacan draws attention to are holophrases and the extensive use of neologisms (which may be completely new [[words]] coined by the psychotic, or already existing words which the psychotic redefines).<ref>{{Ec}} p. 167</ref> In [[{{Y}}|1956]], [[Lacan]] attributes these [[language]] disorders to the [[psychotic]]'s most detailed discussion [[lack]] of a sufficient [[psychosisnumber]] appears in his of ''[[seminarpoints de capiton]] ''. --><!-- The lack of 1955-6, entitled simply sufficient ''[[Seminar III|The Psychosespoints de capiton]]''means that the psychotic experience is characterized by a constant [[slippage]] of the [[signified]] under the signifier, which is a disaster for [[signification]]; there is a continual "cascade of reshapings of the signifier fromw hich the increasing disaster of the imaginary proceeds, until the level is reached at which signifier and signified are stablized in the delusional [[metaphor]]."<ref>{{E}} p.217</ref> [[Another]] way of describing this is as "a [[relationship]] between the subject and the signifier in its most [[formal]] [[dimension]], in its dimension as a pure signifier."<ref>{{S3}} p. 250</ref> This relationship of the subject to the signifier in its purely formal aspect constitutes "the nucleus of psychosis."<ref>{{S3}} p.250</ref> "If the neurotic inhabits language, the psychotic is inhabited, possessed, by language."<ref>{{S3}} p. 250</ref> -->
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