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Punctuation

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{{Top}}ponctuation{{Bottom}}
===The Punctuation of a Signifying Chain===
To [[punctuate]] a [[signifying chain]] is to produce [[meaning]]. Before [[punctuation]], there is simply a [[chain]] of [[discourse]]. It is the [[punctuation|listener]]/[[punctuation|receiver]] who [[punctuates]] this [[discourse]] and thereby sanctions [[retroactively]] one [[particular]] [[meaning]] of an [[utterance]].
===The Illusion of a Fixed Meaning===The [[punctuation (ponctuation) To punctuate ]] of the [[signifying chain]] is that which creates the [[illusion]] of a SIGNIFYING CHAIN IS COfixed [[meaning]]:
produce <blockquote>"The [[punctuation]], once inserted, fixes the [[meaning]]."<ref>{{E}} p. Before punctuation, there is simply a chain of discourse;99</ref></blockquote>
it ===The Structure of Communication===This is essential in the [[structure]] of [[communication]], where "the sender receives his own [[message]] from the listener/receiver who punctuates this discourse and thereby sanctions." It is illustrated in the "[[graph of desire|elementary cell]]" of the [[graph of desire]].
retroactively one particular meaning ===Psychoanalysis===The operation of an utterance. The [[punctuation ]] may be illustrated by reference to two situations which are of fundamental importance to [[psychoanalysis]]: the[[mother]]-[[child]] [[dual relation]], and the [[transference|transferential]] relation between [[analysand]] and [[analyst]].
signifying chain ===Mother-Child Dual Relation===In the first of these situations, the [[baby]] who has not yet acquired [[speech]] can only articulate his [[need]]s in a very [[primitive]] kind of [[demand]], namely by screaming. There is that which creates the illusion no way of [[knowing]] for sure whether a fixed scream articulates hunger, [[pain]], tiredness, [[fear]], or something else, and yet the [[mother]] [[interpretation|interprets]] it in one particular way, thus determining its [[meaning: 'the]] [[retroactive]]ly.
===Analysand-Analyst Relation===[[Punctuation]] is one of the forms which the [[intervention]] of the [[analyst]] may take; by [[punctuation|punctuating]] the [[analysand]]'s [[discourse]] in an unexpected way, once insertedthe [[analyst]] can [[retroactively]] alter the [[consciousness|intended]] [[meaning]] of the [[analysand]]'s [[speech]]: "changing the punctuation renews or upsets" the fixed [[meaning]] that the [[analysand]] had attributed to his own [[speech]].<ref>{{E}} p. 99</ref> Such [[punctuation]] is a way of "showing the [[subject]] that he is saying more than he thinks he is."<ref>{{S1}} p. 54</ref> The [[analyst]] can [[punctuate]] the [[analysand]]'s [[discourse]] simply by [[repetition|repeating]] part of the [[analysand]]'s [[speech]] back to him (perhaps with a different intonation or in a different context). For example, fixes if the meaning[[analysand]] says ''tu es ma mère'' (E"you are my mother"), 99; see POINT DE CAPITONthe [[analyst]] may [[repeat]] it in such a way as to bring out the homophony of this phrase with ''tuer ma mère'' ("to kill my mother").<ref>{{E}} p. 269</ref>
===Psychoanalytic Treatment===Alternatively, the [[analyst]] can also [[punctuate]] the [[analysand]]'s [[speech]] by a [[moment]] of [[silence]], or by interrupting the [[analysand]], or by terminating the [[session]] at an opportune moment.<ref>{{E}} p. 44</ref> This is essential in last [[form]] of [[punctuation]] has been a source of controversy throughout the structure [[history]] of COMMUNICATION[[Lacan]]ian [[psychoanalysis]], where 'since it contravenes the sender receivestraditional [[IPA]] [[practice]] of [[punctuation|sessions of fixed duration]].
his own message from ==="Sessions of Variable Duration"===[[Lacan]]'s practice of [[punctuation|sessions of variable duration]] ([[French]]: ''[[punctuation|séances scandées]]'') came to be one of the main reasons that the [[IPA]] gave for excluding him when the receiver'[[SFP]] was negotiating for [[IPA]] [[recognition]] in the early 1960s. Today, the [[technique]] of [[punctuation]], and is illustrated especially as expressed in the 'elementary cell'practice of [[punctuation|sessions of variable duration]], continues to be a distinctive feature of [[Lacanian]] [[psychoanalysis]].
of the GRAPH OF ==See Also=={{See}}* [[DesireCommunication]].* [[Demand]]||* [[Dual relation]]* [[Enunciation]]||* [[Linguistics]]* ''[[Point de capiton]]''||* [[Signification]]* [[Signifying chain]]||* [[Speech]]* [[Structure]]||* [[Time]]* [[Treatment]]{{Also}}
The operation of punctuation may be illustrated by reference to two situa==References==<div style="font- tions which are of fundamental importance to psychoanalysissize: the mother11px" class="references-small"><references/>child relation, and the relation between analysand and analyst. In the first of these situations, the baby who has not yet acquired speech can only articulate his needs in a very primitive kind of DEMAND, namely by screaming. There is no way of knowing for sure whether a scream articulates hunger, pain, tiredness,</div>
fear, or something else, and yet the mother interprets it in one particular way, thus determining its meaning retroactively.  Punctuation is one of the forms which the intervention of the analyst may take; by punctuating the analysand's discourse in an unexpected way, the analyst can retroactively alter the intended meaning of the analysand's speech: 'changing the punctuation renews or upsets' the fixed meaning that the analysand had attributed to his own speech (E, 99). Such punctuation is a way of 'showing the subject that he is saying more than he thinks he is' (Sl, 54). The analyst can punctuate the analysand's discourse simply by repeating part of the analysand's speech back to him (perhaps with a different intonation  or in a different context). For example, if the analysand says tu es ma mËre ('you are my mother'), the analyst may repeat it in such a way as to bring out the homophony of this phrase with tuer ma mËre ('to kill my mother') (E, 269). Alternatively, the analyst can also punctuate the analysand's speech by a  moment of silence, or by interrupting the analysand, or by terminating the session at an opportune moment (see E, 44).  This last form of punctuation has been a source of controversy throughout the history of Lacanian psychoanalysis, since it contravenes the traditional IPA practice of sessions of fixed duration. Lacan's practice of sessions of variable duration (Fr. sÈances scandÈes - wrongly dubbed 'short sessions' by his critics) came to be one of the main reasons that the IPA gave for excluding him when the SFP was negotiating for IPA recognition in the early 1960s. Today, the technique of punctuation, especially as expressed in the practice of sessions of variable duration, continues to be a distinctive feature of Lacanian psychoanalysis.      == References ==<references/>{{OK}}
[[Category:Lacan]][[Category:Terms]][[Category:Concepts]][[Category:Psychoanalysis]]__NOTOC__
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