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 [[Freud]] renounced the [[Jewish]] [[religion]] of his [[parents ]] -- though not his [[Jewish]] [[identity]] -- and considered himself an [[atheist]].  [[Freud]] regarded [[monotheistic]] forms of [[religion]] as the [[sign ]] of a highly developed [[state ]] of [[civilization]].  [[Freud]] [[thought ]] that all [[religions]] were barriers to [[cultural]] [[progress]], and thus argued that they should be abandoned iin in favor of [[science]].

[[Freud]] argued that [[religion]]s were an attempt to protect oneself against [[suffering]] by "a delusional remoulding of [[reality]]," and thus concluded that they "must be classed among the mass-[[delusions]]" of humankind.<ref>Freud{{F}} ''[[Civilization and Its Discontents]]''. 1903s1930. [[SE ]] XXI. p.81</ref>  [[Freud]] saw the [[idea ]] of [[God]] as an expression of an [[infantile]] longing for a protective [[father]].<ref>{{F}} ''[[Works of Sigmund Freud 1927b|The Future of an Illusion]]''. 1927. [[SE]] XXI, 3.</ref>  [[Freud]] described [[religion]] as a "[[universal ]] [[obsessional ]] [[neurosis]]."<ref>{{F}} "[[Works of Sigmund Freud|Obsessiove Actions and Religious Practices]]. " 1907. b[[SE]] IX, 116.</ref>

==Examples==[[Jacques Lacan]] also considers imself an 's [[discourse]] abounds in [[atheistmetaphor]], having renounced the s drawn from [[CatholicChristian]] [[religiontheology]] of his parents. Like The most obvious example is surely the phrase the [[FreudName-of-the-Father]] he opposes , which [[religionLacan]] adopts to denote a fundamental [[signifier]] whose [science[foreclosure]], and aligns leads to [[psychoanalysispsychosis]] with . The changes wrought by the latter[[symbolic]] are described in creationist rather than evolutionary [[terms]].<ref>{{S11}} p.265</ref>  In the [[seminar]] of 1972-3, [[Lacan]] states that uses the term "[[religion|God]]" as a [[metaphor]] for the true formula of [[atheismOther|big Other]], and compares [[woman|feminine]] is not ''God is dead'' but ''God is unconscious[[jouissance]]''to the ecstacy experienced by Christian mystics such as St Teresa of Avila.<ref>{{S11S20}} p.5970-1</ref>  

[[Lacan]]'s discourse abounds in metaphors drawn from [[Christian]] [[theology]]. The most obvious example is surely the phrase the [[Name-of-the-Father]], which [[Lacan]] adopts to denote a fundamental [[signifier]] whose [[foreclosure]] leads to [[psychosis]]. The changes wrought by the [[symbolic]] are described in creationist rather than evolutionary terms.==See Also=={{See}}In the seminar of 1972-3, [[Lacan]] uses the term 'God' as a [[metaphor]] for the [[big Other]], and compares [[feminine]] ''[[jouissance]]'' to the ecstacy experienced by [[Christian]] [[mystic]]s such as [[St Teresa of Avila]].<ref>{{S20Also}} p.70-1</ref>