Changes

<blockquote>When [[the Id ]] makes an [[instinctual ]] [[demand ]] of an [[erotic ]] or [[aggressive ]] [[nature ]] on a uman [[being]], the most simple and [[natural ]] response for the ego, which governs the [[apparatus ]] for [[thinking ]] and muscle inervation, is to [[satisfy ]] this by an [[action]]. This [[satisfaction ]] of the [[instinct ]] is felt as [[pleasure ]] by the Ego, just as not [[satisfying ]] lis instinct would undoubtedly become a source of discomfort.<BR>Now, it may happen that the Ego eschews satisfaction of the instinct because of [[external ]] obstacles-namely, when it realizes that the action in question would bring in its course serious [[danger ]] to the Ego. Such a refraining from satisfaction, an "instinctual renunciation" because of external obstacles-as we say, in obedience to the [[reality]]-[[principle]]-is never pleasurable. The instinctual renunciation would bring [[about ]] a lasting painful tension if we did not succeed in diminishing the strength of the instinctual urge itself through a [[displacement ]] of [[energy]]. This instinctual renunciation may also be [[forced ]] on us, however, by [[other ]] motives, which we rightly call inner ones. In the course of [[individual ]] [[development ]] a part of the inhibiting forces in the outer [[world ]] becomes internalized; a standard is created in the Ego which opposes the other faculties by observation, criticism, and [[prohibition]]. We call this new standard the [[Super-ego ]] .... While, however, instinctual renunciation for external reasons is only painful, renunciation for [[internal ]] reasons, in obedience to the [[demands ]] of the Super-ego, has [[another ]] [[economic ]] effect. It brings besides the inevitable [[pain ]] a gain in pleasure to the Ego-as it were, a [[substitutive ]] satisfaction.<ref>{{M&M}} Part III, Section II</ref></blockquote>