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==Sigmund Freud=====Death Drive===[[Freud]] posited 's most important discussion of the "[[existencerepetition|repetition compulsion]] of a basic " (''[[compulsion to repeatWiederholungszwang]] '') occurs in order ''[[Beyond the Pleasure Principle]]'' (1920) where he links it to explain certain clinical data: namely, the tendency concept of the [[subjectdeath drive]] to expose himself again and again to distressing situations.
==Jacques Lacan==
===Complex===
In [[Lacan]]'s pre-1950s work, the concept of [[repetition]] is linked with that of the [[complex]] - an internalised social [[structure]] which the [[subject]] repeatedly and compulsively re-enacts.
===''Automatisme de Répétition''===At this time [[Lacan]] often translates [[Freud]]'s ''[[Wiederholungszwang]]'' as ''[[repetition|automatisme de répétition]]'', a term borrowed from [[French]] [[psychiatry]].<ref>Pierre Janet, GaÎtan Gatian de ClÈrambault</ref>
===Insistence of the Letter===
Thus [[repetition]] is -- now defined -- as the [[insistence]] of the [[signifier]], or the [[insistence]] of the [[signifying chain]], or the [[insistence]] of the [[letter]] (''l'instance de la lettre'').
<blockquote>"Repetition is fundamentally the insistence of speech."<ref>{{S3}} p.242</ref></blockquote>
===Resistance===
Certain [[signifier]]s insist on returning in the life of the [[subject]], despite the [[resistance]]s which block them.
In [[schema L]], [[repetition]] / [[insistence]] is represented by the axis '''A-S''', while the axis '''''a''-''a'''''' represents the [[resistance]] (or '"inertia'") which opposes [[repetition]].
In the 1960s, [[repetition]] is redefined as the return of ''[[jouissance]]'', an excess of [[enjoyment]] which returns again and again to [[transgress]] the limits of the [[pleasure principle]] and seek [[death]].<ref>{{S17}} p.51</ref>
[[Lacan]] lays great emphasis on this [[symbolic]] aspect of [[transference]], distinguishing it from the [[imaginary]] dimension of [[transference]] (the [[affect]]s of [[love]] and [[hate]]).<ref>{{S8}} p.204</ref>
However, [[Lacan]] points out that although the [[repetition|repetition compulsion]] manifests itself perhaps most clearly in the [[transference]], it is not in itself limited to the [[transference]]; in itself, "the concept of repetition has nothing to do with the concept of transference."<ref>{{S11}} p.33</ref>
[[Repetition]] is the general characteristic of the [[signifying chain]], the manifestation of the [[unconscious]] in every [[subject]], and [[transference]] is only a very special form of [[repetition]] (i.e. it is [[repetition]] within [[psychoanalytic treatment]]), which cannot simply be equated with the [[repetition|repetition compulsion]] itself. <ref>{{S8, }} p. 208</ref>
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[Death]]
* [[Death drive]]
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* [[Drive]]
* ''[[Jouissance]]''
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* [[Signifying chain]]
* [[Subject]]
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* [[Symbolic]]
* [[Transference]]
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* [[Treatment]]
* [[Unconscious]]
{{Also}}
==References==
