=====Jacques Lacan=====
[[Lacan]] uses the term "'''expands upon [[repetition|automatisme de répétitionFreud]]'''" (s concept of the "[[repetition|repetition automatism]]"),<ref>[[Lacan]]'s tendency compulsion to use "'''[[repetition|automatisme de répétitionrepeat]]'''" as a translation of [[Freud]]'s ''[[Wiederholungszwang]]'' is a reminder of how much he owes to the [[French]] [[school]] of [[psychiatry]] in which he was first trained.</ref> to refer to the [[repetition|compulsive repetition]] or [[repetition|reproduction]] of ''an [[complex|internalized social structure]]''various ways.
He borrows the term "'''[[repetition|automatisme de répétition]]'''" ("[[repetition|repetition automatism]]") from [[French]] [[psychiatry]]<ref>[[Lacan]]'s tendency to use "'''[[repetition|automatisme de répétition]]'''" as a translation of [[Freud]]'s ''[[Wiederholungszwang]]'' is a reminder of how much he owes to the [[French]] [[school]] of [[psychiatry]] in which he was first trained.</ref> to refer to the ''[[repetition|compulsive repetition]] or [[repetition|reproduction]] of an [[complex|internalized social structure]] which the [[subject]] '''repeatedly''' and '''compulsively''' re-enacts.''.
"'''[[insistence of the letter]]'''" (''[[l'instance de la lettre]]''), or of the [[repetition|compulsive repetition]] of certain '''[[signifier]]s''' or '''[[letter]]s''' despite the [[subject]]'s [[consciousness|conscious attempts]] to [[repression|repress]] them, is a [[development]] of [[Freud]]'s "[[repetition|compulsion to repeat]]"
but it is also influenced by the idea of "'''[[repetition|automatisme de répétition]]'''" ("[[repetition|repetition automatism]]"), which, in the French psychiatric tradition of Pierre Janet, refers to the [[repetition|compulsive repetition]] or [[repetition|reproduction]] of ''an [[complex|internalized social structure]]''.
=====Complex=====
In [[Lacan]]'s pre-1950s work, the concept of [[repetition]] is linked with that of the [[complex]] - an internalised social [[structure]] which the [[subject]] repeatedly and compulsively re-enacts.
=====''Automatisme de Répétition''=====
At this time [[Lacan]] often translates [[Freud]]'s ''[[Wiederholungszwang]]'' as ''[[repetition|automatisme de répétition]]'', a term borrowed from [[French]] [[psychiatry]].
While [[Lacan]] never completely abandons the term ''[[repetition|automatisme de répétition]]'', in the 1950s he increasingly uses the term "[[repetition|insistence]]" ([[French]]: ''[[instance]]'') to refer to the [[repetition|repetition compulsion]].
=====Insistence [[Lacan]] also defines [[repetition]] as the "'''[[insistence of the Letter=====Thus letter]]'''" (''[[repetitionl'instance de la lettre]] ''), that is -- now defined -- , as ''the [[insistencerepetition|compulsive repetition]] of the certain '''[[signifier]], s''' or '''[[letter]]s''' despite the [[insistencesubject]]'s [[consciousness|conscious attempts]] to [[repression|repress]] of the them''. <blockquote>"[[signifying chainRepetition]], or is fundamentally the [[insistence]] of the [[letterspeech]] (''l'instance de la lettre'')."<ref>{{S3}} p. 242</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>"Repetition is fundamentally the insistence of speech."<ref>{{S3}} p. 242</ref></blockquote>
=====Resistance=====
======''Jouissance''======
In the 1960s, [[repetition]] is redefined as the [[return]] of ''[[jouissance]]'', an [[excess]] of [[enjoyment]] which [[return]]s again and again to [[transgress]] the limits of the [[pleasure principle]] and seek [[death]].<ref>{{S17}} p. 51</ref>
In the 1960s, ======Transference======The [[repetition|compulsion to repeat]] is redefined as the return of ''often [[jouissanceacting out|acted out]]'', an excess of the [[enjoymentrepetition|repetition compulsion]] which returns again and again to manifests itself, in the [[transgresstransference]] the limits of , whereby the [[pleasure principleanalysand]] and seek repeats in his relationship to the [[deathanalyst]]certain attitudes which characterised his earlier relationships with his parents and others.<ref>{{S17}} p.51</ref>
======Transference======The [[repetition|repetition compulsionFreud]] manifests itself in establishes an important distinciton between the [[treatmentrepetition|analytic treatmentcompulsive repetition]] in of material that has not been mastered or understood, and the [[transference]]recollection, whereby verbalization and working-through characteristic of the [[analysandtalking cure]] repeats in his relationship to the [[analyst]] certain attitudes which characterised his earlier relationships with his parents and others.
[[Lacan]] lays great emphasis on this [[symbolic]] aspect of [[transference]], distinguishing it from the [[imaginary]] dimension of [[transference]] (the [[affect]]s of [[love]] and [[hate]]).<ref>{{S8}} p.204</ref>
However, [[Lacan]] points out that although the [[repetition|repetition compulsion]] manifests itself perhaps most clearly in the [[transference]], it is not in itself limited to the [[transference]]; in itself, "the concept of repetition has nothing to do with the concept of transference."<ref>{{S11}} p.33</ref>
[[Repetition]] is the general characteristic of the [[signifying chain]], the manifestation of the [[unconscious]] in every [[subject]], and [[transference]] is only a very special form of [[repetition]] (i.e. it is [[repetition]] within [[psychoanalytic treatment]]), which cannot simply be equated with the [[repetition|repetition compulsion]] itself. <ref>{{S8}} p. 208</ref>
