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While [[Lacan]] never completely abandons the term ''[[Categoryrepetition|automatisme de répétition]]'', in the 1950s he increasingly uses the term "[[repetition|insistence]]" ([[French]]:Terms''[[instance]]'') to refer to the [[repetition|repetition compulsion]]. [[Lacan]] also defines [[repetition]] as the "'''[[insistence of the letter]]'''" (''[[l'instance de la lettre]]''), that is, as ''the [[repetition|compulsive repetition]] of certain '''[[signifier]]s''' or '''[[letter]]s''' despite the [[subject]]'s [[consciousness|conscious attempts]] to [[repression|repress]] [[them]]''. <blockquote>"[[Repetition]] is fundamentally the [[insistence]] of [[speech]]."<ref>{{S3}} p. 242</ref></blockquote> =====Resistance=====Certain [[signifier]]s insist on returning in the [[life]] of the [[subject]], despite the [[resistance]]s which block them. In [[schema L]], [[repetition]] / [[insistence]] is represented by the axis '''A-S''', while the axis '''''a''-''a'''''' represents the [[resistance]] (or "inertia") which opposes [[repetition]]. =====''Jouissance''=====In the 1960s, [[repetition]] is redefined as the [[return]] of ''[[jouissance]]'', an [[excess]] of [[enjoyment]] which [[return]]s again and again to [[transgress]] the limits of the [[pleasure principle]] and seek [[death]].<ref>{{S17}} p. 51</ref> =====Transference=====The [[repetition|compulsion to repeat]] is often [[acting out|acted out]], the [[repetition|repetition compulsion]] manifests itself, in the [[transference]], whereby the [[analysand]] repeats in his [[relationship]] to the [[analyst]] certain attitudes which characterised his earlier relationships with his [[parents]] and [[others]]. [[Freud]] establishes an important distinciton between the [[repetition|compulsive repetition]] of [[material]] that has not been mastered or [[understood]], and the [[recollection]], verbalization and [[working]]-through characteristic of the [[talking cure]]. [[Lacan]] lays great emphasis on this [[symbolic]] aspect of [[transference]], distinguishing it from the [[imaginary]] [[dimension]] of [[transference]] (the [[affect]]s of [[love]] and [[hate]]).<ref>{{S8}} p.204</ref> However, [[Lacan]] points out that although the [[repetition|repetition compulsion]] manifests itself perhaps most clearly in the [[transference]], it is not in itself limited to the [[transference]]; in itself, "the concept of repetition has [[nothing]] to do with the concept of transference."<ref>{{S11}} p. 33</ref> [[Repetition]] is the general characteristic of the [[signifying chain]], the manifestation of the [[unconscious]] in every [[subject]], and [[transference]] is only a very special [[form]] of [[repetition]] (i.e. it is [[repetition]] within [[psychoanalytic treatment]]), which cannot simply be equated with the [[repetition|repetition compulsion]] itself. <ref>{{S8}} p. 208</ref> <blockquote>It is quite common, for example, to hear it said that the [[transference]] is a form of [[repetition]]. I am not saying that this is untre, or that there is not an element of [[repetition]] in the [[transference]]. I am not saying that it is not on the basis of his [[experience]] of the [[transference]] that [[Freud]] approached [[repetition]]. What I am saying is that the concept of [[repetition]] has nothing to do with the concept of [[transference]]. Because of this confusion, I am obliged to go through this explanation at the outset, to lay down the necessary [[logical]] steps. For to follow [[chronology]] would be to encourage the ambiguities of the concept of [[repetition]] that derive from the fact that its discovery took [[place]] in the course of the first hesistant steps necessitated by the experience of the [[transference]]."<ref>{{S11}} p. 33</ref></blockquote> ==See Also=={{See}}* [[Death]]* [[Death drive]]||* [[Drive]]* ''[[Jouissance]]''||* [[Signifying chain]]* [[Subject]]||* [[Symbolic]]* [[Category:ConceptsTransference]]||* [[Treatment]]* [[Unconscious]]{{Also}} ==References==<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small"><references/></div>{{OK}}[[Category:PsychoanalysisPractice]][[Category:Jacques LacanTreatment]] __NOTOC__