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"[[repetition]]" ([[Fr]]. ''[[{{Top}}répétition]]'') [[Freud]]'s most important discussion of the "[[repetition compulsion]]" (''[[Wiederholungszwang]]'') occurs in ''[[Beyond the Pleasure Principle]]'' (1920) where he links it to the concept of the [[death drive]]. {{Bottom}}

=====Sigmund Freud=========="Compulsion to Repeat"=====For [[Freud]] posited , the "[[existencerepetition|compulsion to repeat]] of a basic " -- also referred to as the "[[repetition|repetition compulsion to repeat]] in order " (''[[Wiederholungszwang]]'') -- is related to explain certain clinical data: namely, the tendency of '''[[death drive]]''' and the ''[[subjectdesire]] to expose himself again and again [[return]] to distressing situationsan inorganic [[state]]''.

It is a basic principle of The "[[psychoanalysisrepetition|compulsion to repeat]] that a person is only condemned " refers to repeat something when he has forgotten the origins tendency of the compulsion, [[patient]] to expose himself again and that again to a distressing or painful [[psychoanalytic treatmentsituation]] can therefore break the cycle of , although he has [[repetitionmemory|forgotten]] by helping the of [[patientscene|origins]] of the [[rememberrepetition|compulsion]].

In =====Jacques Lacan=====[[Lacan]]'s pre-1950s work, the concept of expands upon [[repetitionFreud]] is linked with that of the 's [[complexconcept]] - an internalised social [[structure]] which of the "[[subjectrepetition|compulsion to repeat]] repeatedly and compulsively re-enacts" in various ways.

At this time He borrows the term "'''[[Lacanrepetition|automatisme de répétition]]'''" ("[[repetition|repetition automatism]]") from [[French]] [[psychiatry]] often translates <ref>[[FreudLacan]]'s tendency to use "'''[[Wiederholungszwangrepetition|automatisme de répétition]]'' '" as a [[translation]] of [[Freud]]'s ''[[automatisme de répétitionWiederholungszwang]]'', is a term borrowed from reminder of how much he owes to the [[French]] [[school]] of [[psychiatry]]in which he was first trained.<ref>Pierre Janet, GaÎtan Gatian de ClÈrambault</ref>to refer to the ''[[repetition|compulsive repetition]] or [[repetition|reproduction]] of an [[complex|internalized social structure]] which the [[subject]] '''repeatedly''' and '''compulsively''' re-enacts.''.

While [[Lacan]] never completely abandons the term ''[[repetition|automatisme de répétition]]'', in the 1950s he increasingly uses the term "[[repetition|insistence]]" ([[FrFrench]]. : ''[[instance]]'') to refer to the [[repetition|repetition compulsion]].

Thus [[Lacan]] also defines [[repetition]] is -- now defined -- as the "'''[[insistenceof the letter]] of the '''" (''[[signifierl'instance de la lettre]]''), or that is, as ''the [[insistencerepetition|compulsive repetition]] of the certain '''[[signifying chainsignifier]], s''' or the '''[[insistenceletter]] of s''' despite the [[lettersubject]] ('s [[consciousness|conscious attempts]] to [[repression|repress]] [[them]]'l'instance de la lettre''). <blockquote>"[[Repetition]] is fundamentally the [[insistence]] of [[speech]]."<ref>{{S3}} p. 242</ref></blockquote>

<blockquote>"Repetition is fundamentally =====Resistance=====Certain [[signifier]]s insist on returning in the insistence [[life]] of speech."<ref>{{S3}} pthe [[subject]], despite the [[resistance]]s which block them.242</ref></blockquote>

Certain In [[signifierschema L]]s insist on returning in the life of the , [[repetition]] / [[subjectinsistence]]is represented by the axis '''A-S''', despite while the axis '''''a''-''a'''''' represents the [[resistance]]s (or "inertia") which block themopposes [[repetition]].

=====''Jouissance''=====In the 1960s, [[schema Lrepetition]]is redefined as the [[return]] of ''[[jouissance]]'', an [[excess]] of [[enjoyment]] which [repetition[return]] / s again and again to [[insistencetransgress]] is represented by the axis A-S, while the axis ''a''-''a''' represents limits of the [[resistancepleasure principle]] (or 'inertia') which opposes and seek [[repetitiondeath]].<ref>{{S17}} p. 51</ref>

In [[Freud]] establishes an important distinciton between the 1960s, [[repetition|compulsive repetition]] is redefined as the return of ''[[jouissancematerial]]'', an excess of that has not been mastered or [[enjoymentunderstood]] which returns again , and again to the [[transgressrecollection]] the limits of the , verbalization and [[pleasure principleworking]] and seek -through characteristic of the [[deathtalking cure]].<ref>{{S17}} p.51</ref>

The However, [[repetition compulsionLacan]] manifests itself in points out that although the [[treatmentrepetition|analytic treatmentrepetition compulsion]] manifests itself perhaps most clearly in the [[transference]], whereby it is not in itself limited to the [[analysandtransference]] repeats ; in his relationship to itself, "the concept of repetition has [[analystnothing]] certain attitudes which characterised his earlier relationships to do with his parents and othersthe concept of transference."<ref>{{S11}} p. 33</ref>

[[LacanRepetition]] lays great emphasis on this is the general characteristic of the [[symbolicsignifying chain]] aspect , the manifestation of the [[unconscious]] in every [[subject]], and [[transference]], distinguishing it from the is only a very special [[imaginaryform]] dimension of [[transferencerepetition]] (the i.e. it is [[affectrepetition]]s of within [[lovepsychoanalytic treatment]] and ), which cannot simply be equated with the [[haterepetition|repetition compulsion]])itself.<ref>{{S8}} p.204208</ref>

However<blockquote>It is quite common, for example, to hear it said that the [[Lacantransference]] points out is a form of [[repetition]]. I am not saying that although the this is untre, or that there is not an element of [[repetition compulsion]] manifests itself perhaps most clearly in the [[transference]], . I am not saying that it is not in itself limited to on the basis of his [[experience]] of the [[transference]]; in itself, "that [[Freud]] approached [[repetition]]. What I am saying is that the concept of [[repetition ]] has nothing to do with the concept of transference."<ref>{{S11}} p.33</ref> [[Repetitiontransference]] is the general characteristic . Because of this confusion, I am obliged to go through this explanation at the [[signifying chain]]outset, to lay down the manifestation of the necessary [[unconsciouslogical]] in every steps. For to follow [[subjectchronology]], and [[transference]] is only a very special form would be to encourage the ambiguities of the concept of [[repetition]] (i.e. it is that derive from the fact that its discovery took [[repetitionplace]] within [[psychoanalytic treatment]]), which cannot simply be equated with in the course of the first hesistant steps necessitated by the experience of the [[repetition compulsiontransference]] itself. "<ref>S8, 208{{S11}} p. 33</ref></blockquote>