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Repetition

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=====Sigmund Freud========Death Drive=="Compulsion to Repeat"=====For [[Freud]]'s most important discussion of , the "[[repetition|compulsion to repeat]]" -- also referred to as the "[[repetition|repetition compulsion]]" (''[[Wiederholungszwang]]'') occurs in -- is related to the '''[[Beyond the Pleasure Principledeath drive]]'' (1920) where he links it ' and the ''[[desire]] to [[return]] to the concept of the an inorganic [[death drivestate]]''.
===Treatment===[[Freud]] posited the [[existence]] of a basic The "[[repetition|compulsion to repeat]] in order " refers to explain certain clinical data: namely, the tendency of the [[subjectpatient]] to expose himself again and again to a distressing situationsor painful [[situation]], although he has [[memory|forgotten]] of [[scene|origins]] of the [[repetition|compulsion]].
It is a basic principle of [[psychoanalysisPsychoanalytic treatment]] that a person is only condemned involves an effort to [[repetition|repeat]] something when he has forgotten the origins of the compulsion, and that [[psychoanalytic treatment]] can therefore break the cycle of [[repetition]] by helping the [[patient]] [[memory|remember]].
==Jacques Lacan===Jacques Lacan==Complex===In [[Lacan]] expands upon [[Freud]]'s pre-1950s work, the [[concept ]] of the "[[repetition|compulsion to repeat]]" in various ways. He borrows the term "'''[[repetition|automatisme de répétition]] '''" ("[[repetition|repetition automatism]]") from [[French]] [[psychiatry]]<ref>[[Lacan]]'s tendency to use "'''[[repetition|automatisme de répétition]]'''" as a [[translation]] of [[Freud]]'s ''[[Wiederholungszwang]]'' is linked with that a reminder of how much he owes to the [[French]] [[school]] of [[psychiatry]] in which he was first trained.</ref> to refer to the ''[[repetition|compulsive repetition]] or [[complexrepetition|reproduction]] - of an internalised social [[complex|internalized social structure]] which the [[subject]] '''repeatedly ''' and '''compulsively ''' re-enacts.''.
===''Automatisme de Répétition''===
At this time [[Lacan]] often translates [[Freud]]'s ''[[Wiederholungszwang]]'' as ''[[repetition|automatisme de répétition]]'', a term borrowed from [[French]] [[psychiatry]].
While [[Lacan]] never completely abandons the term ''[[repetition|automatisme de répétition]]'', in the 1950s he increasingly uses the term "[[repetition|insistence]]" ([[French]]: ''[[instance]]'') to refer to the [[repetition|repetition compulsion]].
===Insistence [[Lacan]] also defines [[repetition]] as the "'''[[insistence of the Letter===Thus letter]]'''" (''[[repetitionl'instance de la lettre]] ''), that is -- now defined -- , as ''the [[insistencerepetition|compulsive repetition]] of the certain '''[[signifier]], s''' or '''[[letter]]s''' despite the [[insistencesubject]]'s [[consciousness|conscious attempts]] to [[repression|repress]] [[them]] of the ''. <blockquote>"[[signifying chainRepetition]], or is fundamentally the [[insistence]] of the [[letterspeech]] (''l'instance de la lettre'')."<ref>{{S3}} p. 242</ref></blockquote>
<blockquote>"Repetition is fundamentally =====Resistance=====Certain [[signifier]]s insist on returning in the insistence [[life]] of speech."<ref>{{S3}} pthe [[subject]], despite the [[resistance]]s which block them. 242</ref></blockquote>
===Resistance===Certain In [[signifierschema L]]s insist on returning in the life of the , [[repetition]] / [[subjectinsistence]]is represented by the axis '''A-S''', despite while the axis '''''a''-''a'''''' represents the [[resistance]]s (or "inertia") which block themopposes [[repetition]].
=====''Jouissance''=====In the 1960s, [[schema Lrepetition]], is redefined as the [[repetitionreturn]] / of ''[[insistencejouissance]] is represented by the axis '''A-S''', while an [[excess]] of [[enjoyment]] which [[return]]s again and again to [[transgress]] the axis '''''a''-''a'''''' represents limits of the [[resistancepleasure principle]] (or "inertia") which opposes and seek [[repetitiondeath]].<ref>{{S17}} p. 51</ref>
===''Jouissance''==Transference=====The [[repetition|compulsion to repeat]] is often [[acting out|acted out]], the [[repetition|repetition compulsion]] manifests itself, in the [[transference]], whereby the [[analysand]] repeats in his [[relationship]] to the [[analyst]] certain attitudes which characterised his earlier relationships with his [[parents]] and [[others]].
In [[Freud]] establishes an important distinciton between the 1960s, [[repetition|compulsive repetition]] is redefined as the return of ''[[jouissancematerial]]'', an excess of that has not been mastered or [[enjoymentunderstood]] which returns again , and again to the [[transgressrecollection]] the limits of the , verbalization and [[pleasure principleworking]] and seek -through characteristic of the [[deathtalking cure]].<ref>{{S17}} p.51</ref>
===Transference===The [[repetition|repetition compulsionLacan]] manifests itself in lays great emphasis on this [[treatment|analytic treatmentsymbolic]] in the aspect of [[transference]], whereby distinguishing it from the [[analysandimaginary]] [[dimension]] repeats in his relationship to of [[transference]] (the [[analystaffect]]s of [[love]] certain attitudes which characterised his earlier relationships with his parents and others[[hate]]).<ref>{{S8}} p. 204</ref>
However, [[Lacan]] lays great emphasis on this points out that although the [[symbolicrepetition|repetition compulsion]] aspect of manifests itself perhaps most clearly in the [[transference]], distinguishing it from is not in itself limited to the [[imaginarytransference]] dimension ; in itself, "the concept of repetition has [[transferencenothing]] (to do with the [[affect]]s concept of [[love]] and [[hate]])transference."<ref>{{S8S11}} p.20433</ref>
However, [[LacanRepetition]] is the general characteristic of the [[signifying chain]] points out that although , the manifestation of the [[repetition|repetition compulsionunconscious]] manifests itself perhaps most clearly in the every [[subject]], and [[transference]], is only a very special [[form]] of [[repetition]] (i.e. it is not in itself limited to the [[transferencerepetition]] within [[psychoanalytic treatment]]; in itself), "which cannot simply be equated with the concept of [[repetition|repetition has nothing to do with the concept of transferencecompulsion]] itself."<ref>{{S11S8}} p.33208</ref>
<blockquote>It is quite common, for example, to hear it said that the [[Repetitiontransference]] is the general characteristic a form of the [[signifying chainrepetition]]. I am not saying that this is untre, the manifestation or that there is not an element of [[repetition]] in the [[unconscioustransference]] in every . I am not saying that it is not on the basis of his [[subjectexperience]], and of the [[transference]] is only a very special form of that [[Freud]] approached [[repetition]] (i.e. it What I am saying is that the concept of [[repetition]] within has nothing to do with the concept of [[psychoanalytic treatmenttransference]]). Because of this confusion, which cannot simply I am obliged to go through this explanation at the outset, to lay down the necessary [[logical]] steps. For to follow [[chronology]] would be equated with to encourage the ambiguities of the concept of [[repetition|repetition compulsion]] itselfthat derive from the fact that its discovery took [[place]] in the course of the first hesistant steps necessitated by the experience of the [[transference]]. "<ref>{{S8S11}} p. 20833</ref></blockquote>
==See Also==
==References==
<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small">
<references/>
 {{FFC}}* [[repetition]], [[repetition|repeating]] (''[[repetition|Wiederholen]]''), 12, 19, 33, 39-40, 48-51, 53-4, 58, 60-2, 67-9, 79-80, 127-8, 143, 239, 263 : ''[[automaton]]'' ([[return]], [[repetition|insistence of signs]]), 52-64, 67 : [[repetition|repetition and the arbitrary]] (''[[repetition|Zufall]]''), 39, 45 : [[repetition|repetition-compulsion]] (''[[repetition|Wiederholungszwang]]''), 56, 67 : [[repetition|reproduction and repetition]], 50, 54 : [[repetition|return]] (''[[repetition|Wiederkehr]]''), 48-9 </div>
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