Changes

For [[Freud]], the "[[repetition|compulsion to repeat]]" -- also referred to as the "[[repetition|repetition compulsion]]" (''[[Wiederholungszwang]]'') -- is related to the '''[[death drive]]''' and the ''[[desire]] to [[return]] to an inorganic [[state]]''.

The "[[repetition|compulsion to repeat]]" refers to the tendency of the [[patient]] to expose himself again and again to a distressing or painful [[situation]], although he has [[memory|forgotten]] of [[scene|origins]] of the [[repetition|compulsion]].

[[Lacan]]'s notion of the "'''expands upon [[repetition|insistence]] of the [[letterFreud]]'''", or of the s [[repetition|compulsive repetitionconcept]] of certain [[signifier]]s or [[letter]]s despite the [[subject]]'s [[consciousness|conscious attempts]] to [[repression|repress]] them, is a [[development]] of [[Freud]]'s "[[repetition|compulsion to repeat]]", but it is also influenced by the idea of "'''[[repetition|automatisme de répétition]]'''" ("[[repetition|repetition automatism]]"), which, in the French psychiatric tradition of Pierre Janet, refers to the [[repetition|compulsive repetition]] or [[repetition|reproduction]] of an [[complex|internalized social structure]]various ways.

He borrows the term "'''[[repetition|automatisme de répétition]]'''" ("[[repetition|repetition automatism]]") from [[French]] [[psychiatry]]<ref>[[Lacan]]'s tendency to use "'''[[repetition|automatisme de répétition]]'''" as a [[translation ]] of [[Freud]]'s ''[[Wiederholungszwang]]'' is a reminder of how much he owes to the [[French]] [[school]] of [[psychiatry]] in which he was first trained.</ref> to refer to the ''[[repetition|compulsive repetition]] or [[repetition|reproduction]] of an [[complex|internalized social structure]] which the [[subject]] '''repeatedly''' and '''compulsively''' re-enacts.''.

=====Insistence of the Letter=====Thus [[Lacan]] also defines [[repetition]] is -- now defined -- as the "'''[[insistenceof the letter]] of the '''" (''[[signifierl'instance de la lettre]]''), that is, or as ''the [[insistencerepetition|compulsive repetition]] of the certain '''[[signifying chainsignifier]], s''' or the '''[[insistenceletter]] of s''' despite the [[lettersubject]] (''l'instance de la lettres [[consciousness|conscious attempts]] to [[repression|repress]] [[them]]''). <blockquote>"[[Repetition ]] is fundamentally the [[insistence ]] of [[speech]]."<ref>{{S3}} p. 242</ref></blockquote>

Certain [[signifier]]s insist on returning in the [[life ]] of the [[subject]], despite the [[resistance]]s which block them.

======''Jouissance''======In the 1960s, [[repetition]] is redefined as the [[return]] of ''[[jouissance]]'', an [[excess]] of [[enjoyment]] which [[return]]s again and again to [[transgress]] the limits of the [[pleasure principle]] and seek [[death]].<ref>{{S17}} p. 51</ref>

In =====Transference=====The [[repetition|compulsion to repeat]] is often [[acting out|acted out]], the 1960s, [[repetition|repetition compulsion]] is redefined as manifests itself, in the return of ''[[jouissancetransference]]'', an excess of whereby the [[analysand]] repeats in his [[enjoymentrelationship]] which returns again and again to the [[transgressanalyst]] the limits of the certain attitudes which characterised his earlier relationships with his [[pleasure principleparents]] and seek [[deathothers]].<ref>{{S17}} p.51</ref>

======Transference======The [[Freud]] establishes an important distinciton between the [[repetition|compulsive repetition compulsion]] manifests itself in of [[material]] that has not been mastered or [treatment|analytic treatment[understood]] in , and the [[transferencerecollection]], whereby the verbalization and [[analysandworking]] repeats in his relationship to -through characteristic of the [[analysttalking cure]] certain attitudes which characterised his earlier relationships with his parents and others.

[[Lacan]] lays great emphasis on this [[symbolic]] aspect of [[transference]], distinguishing it from the [[imaginary]] [[dimension ]] of [[transference]] (the [[affect]]s of [[love]] and [[hate]]).<ref>{{S8}} p.204</ref>

However, [[Lacan]] points out that although the [[repetition|repetition compulsion]] manifests itself perhaps most clearly in the [[transference]], it is not in itself limited to the [[transference]]; in itself, "the concept of repetition has [[nothing ]] to do with the concept of transference."<ref>{{S11}} p.33</ref>

[[Repetition]] is the general characteristic of the [[signifying chain]], the manifestation of the [[unconscious]] in every [[subject]], and [[transference]] is only a very special [[form ]] of [[repetition]] (i.e. it is [[repetition]] within [[psychoanalytic treatment]]), which cannot simply be equated with the [[repetition|repetition compulsion]] itself. <ref>{{S8}} p. 208</ref>

===<blockquote>It is quite common, for example, to hear it said that the [[transference]] is a form of [[repetition]]. I am not saying that this is untre, or that there is not an element of [[repetition]] in the [[transference]]. I am not saying that it is not on the basis of his [[experience]] of the [[transference]] that [[Freud]] approached [[repetition]]. What I am saying is that the concept of [[repetition]] has nothing to do with the concept of [[transference]]. Because of this confusion, I am obliged to go through this explanation at the outset, to lay down the necessary [[logical]] steps. For to follow [[chronology]] would be to encourage the ambiguities of the concept of [[repetition]] that derive from the fact that its discovery took [[place]] in the course of the first hesistant steps necessitated by the experience of the [[transference]]."<ref>{{S11}} p. 33</ref></blockquote> ==See Also=====

=====References==<div style="font-size:11px" class=="references-small">

 {{FFC}}: repetition, repeating (''Wiederholen''), 12, 19, 33, 39-40, 48-51, 53-4, 58, 60-2, 67-9, 79-80, 127-8, 143, 239, 263 :: ''automaton'' (return, insistence of signs), 52-64, 67 :: repetition and the arbitrary (''Zufall''), 39, 45 :: repetition-compulsion (''Wiederholungszwang''), 56, 67 :: reproduction and repetition, 50, 54 :: return (''[[Wiederkehr''), 48-9 </div>