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Repetition

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=====Sigmund Freud=========="Compulsion to Repeat"=====For [[Freud]], the "[[repetition |compulsion to repeat]]" -- also referred to as the "[[repetition|repetition compulsion]]" (rÈpÈtition''[[Wiederholungszwang]]'') Freud-- is related to the '''[[death drive]]'''s most important discussion of and the repeti-''[[desire]] to [[return]] to an inorganic [[state]]''.
tion The "[[repetition|compulsion (Wiederholungszwang) occurs in Beyond to repeat]]" refers to the Pleasure Prin-tendency of the [[patient]] to expose himself again and again to a distressing or painful [[situation]], although he has [[memory|forgotten]] of [[scene|origins]] of the [[repetition|compulsion]].
ciple (1920g) where he links it [[Psychoanalytic treatment]] involves an effort to break the concept cycle of [[repetition]] by helping the DEATH DREVE[[patient]] [[memory|remember]]. Freud posited
=====Jacques Lacan=====[[Lacan]] expands upon [[Freud]]'s [[concept]] of the existence of a basic "[[repetition|compulsion to repeat ]]" in order to explain certain clinicalvarious ways.
data: namely, He borrows the term "'''[[repetition|automatisme de répétition]]'''" ("[[repetition|repetition automatism]]") from [[French]] [[psychiatry]]<ref>[[Lacan]]'s tendency to use "'''[[repetition|automatisme de répétition]]'''" as a [[translation]] of [[Freud]]'s ''[[Wiederholungszwang]]'' is a reminder of how much he owes to the [[French]] [[school]] of [[psychiatry]] in which he was first trained.</ref> to refer to the ''[[repetition|compulsive repetition]] or [[repetition|reproduction]] of an [[complex|internalized social structure]] which the [[subject to expose himself again ]] '''repeatedly''' and again to'''compulsively''' re-enacts.''.
distressing situations. It is a basic principle of psychoanalysis that a person is
only condemned to repeat something when While [[Lacan]] never completely abandons the term ''[[repetition|automatisme de répétition]]'', in the 1950s he has forgotten increasingly uses the origins of term "[[repetition|insistence]]" ([[French]]: ''[[instance]]'') to refer to the[[repetition|repetition compulsion]].
compulsion[[Lacan]] also defines [[repetition]] as the "'''[[insistence of the letter]]'''" (''[[l'instance de la lettre]]''), and that psychoanalytic treatment can therefore break is, as ''the [[repetition|compulsive repetition]] of certain '''[[signifier]]s''' or '''[[letter]]s''' despite the [[subject]]'s [[consciousness|conscious attempts]] to [[repression|repress]] [[them]]''. <blockquote>"[[Repetition]] is fundamentally the cycle [[insistence]] of[[speech]]."<ref>{{S3}} p. 242</ref></blockquote>
repetition by helping =====Resistance=====Certain [[signifier]]s insist on returning in the [[life]] of the [[subject]], despite the patient remember (see [[Acting Outresistance]])s which block them.
In Lacan[[schema L]], [[repetition]] / [[insistence]] is represented by the axis 's pre''A-1950s workS''', while the concept of axis '''''a''-''a'''''' represents the [[resistance]] (or "inertia") which opposes [[repetition is linked with that of]].
=====''Jouissance''=====In the COMPLEX - 1960s, [[repetition]] is redefined as the [[return]] of ''[[jouissance]]'', an internalised social structure [[excess]] of [[enjoyment]] which [[return]]s again and again to [[transgress]] the limits of the subject repeatedly [[pleasure principle]] andseek [[death]].<ref>{{S17}} p. 51</ref>
compulsively re-enacts=====Transference=====The [[repetition|compulsion to repeat]] is often [[acting out|acted out]], the [[repetition|repetition compulsion]] manifests itself, in the [[transference]], whereby the [[analysand]] repeats in his [[relationship]] to the [[analyst]] certain attitudes which characterised his earlier relationships with his [[parents]] and [[others]]. At this time Lacan often translates Freud's Wiederho-
lungszwang as automatisme de rÈpÈtition[[Freud]] establishes an important distinciton between the [[repetition|compulsive repetition]] of [[material]] that has not been mastered or [[understood]], a term borrowed from Frenchand the [[recollection]], verbalization and [[working]]-through characteristic of the [[talking cure]].
psychiatry [[Lacan]] lays great emphasis on this [[symbolic]] aspect of [[transference]], distinguishing it from the [[imaginary]] [[dimension]] of [[transference]] (Pierre Janet, GaÎtan Gatian de ClÈrambaultthe [[affect]]s of [[love]] and [[hate]]).<ref>{{S8}} p.204</ref>
While However, [[Lacan never completely abandons ]] points out that although the term automatisme de rÈpÈti-[[repetition|repetition compulsion]] manifests itself perhaps most clearly in the [[transference]], it is not in itself limited to the [[transference]]; in itself, "the concept of repetition has [[nothing]] to do with the concept of transference."<ref>{{S11}} p. 33</ref>
tion[[Repetition]] is the general characteristic of the [[signifying chain]], in the 1950s he increasingly uses manifestation of the term 'insistence' [[unconscious]] in every [[subject]], and [[transference]] is only a very special [[form]] of [[repetition]] (Fri.e. instanceit is [[repetition]] within [[psychoanalytic treatment]]) to, which cannot simply be equated with the [[repetition|repetition compulsion]] itself. <ref>{{S8}} p. 208</ref>
refer <blockquote>It is quite common, for example, to hear it said that the [[transference]] is a form of [[repetition]]. I am not saying that this is untre, or that there is not an element of [[repetition compulsion]] in the [[transference]]. Thus I am not saying that it is not on the basis of his [[experience]] of the [[transference]] that [[Freud]] approached [[repetition ]]. What I am saying is now defined as that the concept of [[repetition]] has nothing to do with the concept of [[transference]]. Because of this confusion, I am obliged to go through this explanation at the outset, to lay down the necessary [[logical]] steps. For to follow [[chronology]] would be to encourage the ambiguities of the concept of [[repetition]] that derive from the fact that its discovery took [[place]] in the course of the first hesistant steps necessitated by the experience of the[[transference]]."<ref>{{S11}} p. 33</ref></blockquote>
insistence of the signifier, or the insistence of the signifying ==See Also=={{See}}* [[Death]]* [[Death drive]]||* [[Drive]]* ''[[Jouissance]]''||* [[Signifying chain, or the]]* [[Subject]]||* [[Symbolic]]* [[Transference]]||* [[Treatment]]* [[Unconscious]]{{Also}}
insistence of the letter (l'instance de la lettre); 'repetition is fundamentally==References==<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small"><references/></div>{{OK}}[[Category:Practice]][[Category:Treatment]]
the insistence of speech' (S3, 242). Certain signifiers insist on returning in the life of the subject, despite the resistances which block them. In scHEMA L, repetitionlinsistence is represented by the axis A-S, while the axis a-a' represents the resistance (or 'inertia') which opposes repetition.  In the 1960s, repetition is redefined as the return of jouissance, an excess of enjoyment which returns again and again to transgress the limits of the  PLEASURE PRINCIPLE and seek death (S17, 51).  The repetition compulsion manifests itself in analytic treatment in the TRANSFERENCE, whereby the analysand repeats in his relationship to the analyst certain attitudes which characterised his earlier relationships with his parents and others. Lacan lays great emphasis on this [[Symbolic]] aspect of transference, distinguishing it from the [[Imaginary]] dimension of transference (the affects of love and hate) (S8, 204). However, Lacan points out that although the repetition compulsion manifests itself perhaps most clearly in the transfer-  ence, it is not in itself limited to the transference; in itself, 'the concept of repetition has nothing to do with the concept of transference' (Sll, 33). Repetition is the general characteristic of the signifying chain, the manifesta- tion of the unconscious in every subject, and transference is only a very special     form of repetition (i.e. it is repetition within psychoanalytic treatment), which cannot simply be equated with the repetition compulsion itself (S8, 208).__NOTOC__
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