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Repetition

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repetition (rÈpÈtition) Freud's most important discussion of the repetition compulsion (Wiederholungszwang) occurs in [[Beyond the Pleasure Principle]] (1920g) where he links it to the concept of the [[death drive]]. Freud posited the existence of a basic compulsion to repeat in order to explain certain clinical data: namely, the tendency of the subject to expose himself again and again to distressing situations. It is a basic principle of psychoanalysis that a person is only condemned to repeat something when he has forgotten the origins of the compulsion, and that psychoanalytic treatment can therefore break the cycle of repetition by helping the patient remember (see [[Acting Out]]).{{Top}}répétition{{Bottom}}
In Lacan's pre-1950s work=====Sigmund Freud=========="Compulsion to Repeat"=====For [[Freud]], the concept of "[[repetition is linked with that of |compulsion to repeat]]" -- also referred to as the "[[repetition|repetition compulsion]]" (''[[complexWiederholungszwang]] '') -- an internalised social structure which is related to the subject repeatedly '''[[death drive]]''' and compulsively re-enacts. At this time Lacan often translates Freudthe ''[[desire]] to [[return]] to an inorganic [[state]]''s Wiederholungszwang as automatisme de rÈpÈtition, a term borrowed from French psychiatry. <ref>Pierre Janet, GaÎtan Gatian de ClÈrambault</ref>
While Lacan never completely abandons the term automatisme de rÈpÈtition, in the 1950s he increasingly uses the term 'insistence' (Fr. instance) The "[[repetition|compulsion to refer repeat]]" refers to the repetition compulsion. Thus repetition is -- now defined -- as the insistence tendency of the signifier, [[patient]] to expose himself again and again to a distressing or the insistence of the signifying chainpainful [[situation]], or the insistence although he has [[memory|forgotten]] of the letter (l'instance de la lettre); 'repetition is fundamentally the insistence of speech.'<ref>S3, 242</ref> Certain signifiers insist on returning in the life [[scene|origins]] of the subject, despite the resistances which block them. In [[schema Lrepetition|compulsion]], repetition / insistence is represented by the axis A-S, while the axis a-a' represents the resistance (or 'inertia') which opposes repetition.
In the 1960s, repetition is redefined as the return of jouissance, [[Psychoanalytic treatment]] involves an excess of enjoyment which returns again and again effort to transgress break the limits cycle of [[repetition]] by helping the [[pleasure principlepatient]] [[memory|remember]] and seek death.<ref> (S17, 51</ref>
The repetition compulsion manifests itself in analytic treatment in the =====Jacques Lacan=====[[transferenceLacan]], whereby the analysand repeats in his relationship to the analyst certain attitudes which characterised his earlier relationships with his parents and others. Lacan lays great emphasis on this expands upon [[SymbolicFreud]] aspect of transference, distinguishing it from the 's [[Imaginaryconcept]] dimension of transference (the affects of love and hate).<ref>(S8, 204</ref> However, Lacan points out that although the "[[repetition |compulsion manifests itself perhaps most clearly in the transference, it is not in itself limited to the transference; repeat]]" in itself, 'the concept of repetition has nothing to do with the concept of transferencevarious ways.'<ref>Sll, 33</ref>
Repetition is the general characteristic of the signifying chain, He borrows the manifestation of the unconscious in every subject, and transference is only a very special form of term "'''[[repetition |automatisme de répétition]]'''" (i.e. it is "[[repetition|repetition within psychoanalytic treatmentautomatism]]"), which cannot simply be equated with the repetition compulsion itself. from [[French]] [[psychiatry]]<ref>S8, 208[[Lacan]]'s tendency to use "'''[[repetition|automatisme de répétition]]'''" as a [[translation]] of [[Freud]]'s ''[[Wiederholungszwang]]'' is a reminder of how much he owes to the [[French]] [[school]] of [[psychiatry]] in which he was first trained.</ref>to refer to the ''[[repetition|compulsive repetition]] or [[repetition|reproduction]] of an [[complex|internalized social structure]] which the [[subject]] '''repeatedly''' and '''compulsively''' re-enacts.''.
 While [[Lacan]] never completely abandons the term ''[[Categoryrepetition|automatisme de répétition]]'', in the 1950s he increasingly uses the term "[[repetition|insistence]]" ([[French]]:Terms''[[instance]]'') to refer to the [[repetition|repetition compulsion]].  [[Lacan]] also defines [[repetition]] as the "'''[[insistence of the letter]]'''" (''[[l'instance de la lettre]]''), that is, as ''the [[repetition|compulsive repetition]] of certain '''[[signifier]]s''' or '''[[letter]]s''' despite the [[subject]]'s [[consciousness|conscious attempts]] to [[repression|repress]] [[them]]''. <blockquote>"[[Repetition]] is fundamentally the [[insistence]] of [[speech]]."<ref>{{S3}} p. 242</ref></blockquote> =====Resistance=====Certain [[signifier]]s insist on returning in the [[life]] of the [[subject]], despite the [[resistance]]s which block them.  In [[schema L]], [[repetition]] / [[insistence]] is represented by the axis '''A-S''', while the axis '''''a''-''a'''''' represents the [[resistance]] (or "inertia") which opposes [[repetition]]. =====''Jouissance''=====In the 1960s, [[repetition]] is redefined as the [[return]] of ''[[jouissance]]'', an [[excess]] of [[enjoyment]] which [[return]]s again and again to [[transgress]] the limits of the [[pleasure principle]] and seek [[death]].<ref>{{S17}} p. 51</ref> =====Transference=====The [[repetition|compulsion to repeat]] is often [[acting out|acted out]], the [[repetition|repetition compulsion]] manifests itself, in the [[transference]], whereby the [[analysand]] repeats in his [[relationship]] to the [[analyst]] certain attitudes which characterised his earlier relationships with his [[parents]] and [[others]].  [[Freud]] establishes an important distinciton between the [[repetition|compulsive repetition]] of [[material]] that has not been mastered or [[understood]], and the [[recollection]], verbalization and [[working]]-through characteristic of the [[talking cure]]. [[Lacan]] lays great emphasis on this [[symbolic]] aspect of [[transference]], distinguishing it from the [[imaginary]] [[dimension]] of [[transference]] (the [[affect]]s of [[love]] and [[hate]]).<ref>{{S8}} p.204</ref>  However, [[Lacan]] points out that although the [[repetition|repetition compulsion]] manifests itself perhaps most clearly in the [[transference]], it is not in itself limited to the [[transference]]; in itself, "the concept of repetition has [[nothing]] to do with the concept of transference."<ref>{{S11}} p. 33</ref> [[Repetition]] is the general characteristic of the [[signifying chain]], the manifestation of the [[unconscious]] in every [[subject]], and [[transference]] is only a very special [[form]] of [[repetition]] (i.e. it is [[repetition]] within [[psychoanalytic treatment]]), which cannot simply be equated with the [[repetition|repetition compulsion]] itself. <ref>{{S8}} p. 208</ref> <blockquote>It is quite common, for example, to hear it said that the [[transference]] is a form of [[repetition]]. I am not saying that this is untre, or that there is not an element of [[repetition]] in the [[transference]]. I am not saying that it is not on the basis of his [[experience]] of the [[transference]] that [[Freud]] approached [[repetition]]. What I am saying is that the concept of [[repetition]] has nothing to do with the concept of [[transference]]. Because of this confusion, I am obliged to go through this explanation at the outset, to lay down the necessary [[logical]] steps. For to follow [[chronology]] would be to encourage the ambiguities of the concept of [[repetition]] that derive from the fact that its discovery took [[place]] in the course of the first hesistant steps necessitated by the experience of the [[transference]]."<ref>{{S11}} p. 33</ref></blockquote> ==See Also=={{See}}* [[Death]]* [[Death drive]]||* [[Drive]]* ''[[Jouissance]]''||* [[Signifying chain]]* [[Subject]]||* [[Symbolic]]* [[Category:ConceptsTransference]]||* [[Treatment]]* [[Unconscious]]{{Also}} ==References==<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small"><references/></div>{{OK}}[[Category:PsychoanalysisPractice]][[Category:Jacques LacanTreatment]] __NOTOC__
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