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The concept of [[repression]] ([[French]]: ''[[{{Top}}refoulement]]'') is one of the most basic [[concepts]] in [[psychoanalytic theory]].{{Bottom}}

It denotes the process by which certain =====Psychoanalytic Theory=====The [[thoughtconcept]]s or of [[memory|memoriesrepression]] are expelled from is one of the most basic [[consciousnessconcepts]] and confined to the in [[unconsciouspsychoanalytic theory]].

=====Unconscious=====It denotes the [[Freudprocess]] was first led to hypothesise the process of by which certain [[repressionthought]] through his investigation into the s or [[amnesiamemory|memories]] of are expelled from [[hysteria|hystericalconsciousness]] and confined to the '''[[patientunconscious]]s'''.

He later distinguished between =====Sigmund Freud=====[[primal repression]] (a '[[myth]Freud]ical' [[forgetting]] of something that was never [[conscious]] first led to begin with, an originary 'psychical act' by which hypothesize the process of [[unconscious]] is first constituted) and [[secondary repression]] (concrete acts through his investigation into the amnesia of [[repressionhysteria|hysterical]] whereby some idea or perception that was once [[conscious]] is expelled from the [[consciouspatient]])s.

Since =====Primary and Secondary Repression=====He later distinguished between [[repression|primal repression]] does not destroy the (a "[[ideamyth]]s or ical" [[memoriesforgetting]] of something that are its targetwas never [[conscious]] to begin with, but merely confines them to an originary "[[psychical]] act" by which the [[unconscious]], the is first constituted) and [[repressedrepression|secondary repression]] ([[materialconcrete]] is always liable to return in a distorted form, in [[symptomact]]s, of [[repression]] whereby some idea or [[dreamperception]]s, that was once [[slips of the tongueconscious]], etc. (is expelled from the [[return of the repressedconscious]]).

=====Neurosis=====For [[Lacan]], [[repression]] is the fundamental operation which distinguishes '''[[neurosis]] ''' from the [[other ]] [[clinical structure]]s. Whereas [[psychotic]]s [[foreclose]], and [[pervert]]s [[disavow]], only [[neurotic]]s [[repress]].

=====Repressed Signifier=====What is it that is repressed? At one point [[Lacan]] speaks of the [[signified]] as the [[object]] of [[repression]],<ref>{{E}}} p.55</ref> but he soon abandons this view and argues instead that it is always a [[signifier]] that is [[repressed]], never a [[signified]].<ref>{{Sl1S11}} p.218</ref> This latter view seems to correspond more closely to [[Freud]]'s view that what is repressed is not the '"[[affect]]' " (which can only be [[displaced ]] or transformed) but the '"ideational [[representative' ]]" of the [[drive]].[[Lacan]] also takes up [[Freud]]'s distinction between [[primal repression]] and secondary [[repression]]:

=====Primary and Secondary=====[[Primal repression]] (Ger. ''Urverdr‰ngung'') is the [[alienation]] of [[desireLacan]] when [[need]] is articulated in [[demand]].<ref>{{E}} p.286</ref>It is also the takes up [[unconsciousFreud]] 's [[signifying chaindistinction]].<ref>{{E}} p.314</ref>between [[Primary primal repression]] is the and secondary [[repression]] of the first [[signifier]]. :

"From =====Primary=====[[Repression|Primal repression]] ([[German]]: ''Urverdrängung'') is the moment he speaks, from that precise moment and not before, I understand that there [[alienation]] of [[desire]] when [[need]] is repressionarticulated in [[demand]].<ref>{{E}} p. 286</ref> It is also the [[unconscious]] [[signifying chain]]."<ref>{{S20E}} p.53314</ref> [[Primary repression]] is the [[repression]] of the first [[signifier]].

<blockquote>"From the [[Lacanmoment]] does he speaks, from that precise moment and not see [[primary repression]] as a specific psychical [[act]]before, localisable in I [[timeunderstand]], but as a structural feature of [[language]] itself - namely, its necessary incompleteness, the [[impossibility]] of ever saying "the truth about truththat there is repression."<ref>{{EcS20}} p.86853</ref></blockquote>

[[Secondary Lacan]] does not see [[repression|primary repression]] (Ger. ''Verdr‰ngung'') is as a specific psychical [[act]] by which , localizable in [[time]], but as a [[signifierstructure|structural feature]] of [[language]] itself - namely, its necessary [[lack|incompleteness]], the [[impossibility]] is elided from of ever saying "the [[signifying chaintruth]][[about]] truth."<ref>{{Ec}} p. 868</ref>

=====Secondary=====[[Repression|Secondary repression]] ([[German]]" ''Verdrängung'') is a specific psychical [[act]] by which a [[signifier]] is elided from the [[signifying chain]]. [[Repression|Secondary repression]] is [[structure]]d like a [[metaphor]], and always involves 'the [[return of the repressed]]', whereby the [[repressed]] [[signifier]] reappears under the guise of the various [[formation]]s of the [[unconscious]] (i.e. [[symptom]]s, [[dream]]s, [[parapraxis|parapraxes]], [[joke]]s, etc.). In [[Repression|secondary repression]], [[repression]] and the [[return of the repressed]] "are the same thing." The theory of '[[repression]]' is one of the cornerstones of [[psychoanalysisthing]]. [[Repression]] occurs when impulses, [[wish]]es or [[memories]], usually but not always of a sexual nature, that are bound up with the [[drive]]s, are denied access to the [[conscious]] mind by the [[ego]] because it regards them as a [[threat]] to its integrity or because they offend the [[ethical]] standards imposed upon it by the [[super-ego]]. Such impulses and wishes are forced back into the [[unconscious]] but almost inevitably find other means of expression by using the mechanisms of [[condensation]] and [[displacement]]. The resultant conflict between the respective [[demand]]s of the [[ego]] and the [[unconscious]] results in the formation of [[symptom]]s, which are a form of [[substitute]] sexual [[satisfaction]] or [[wish-fulfilment]]. [[Repression]] is not a single [[act]] which occurs only once, but a continuous application of pressure in the direction of the [[unconscious]]. The theory of [[repression]] is the key to the psychoanalytic understanding of [[neurosis]] and especially [[hysteria]]. [[Lacan]] argues that the triggering of a [[psychosis]] is governed by the different and specific process of [[forclosure]]. ==Primal Repression==The expression '[[primal repression]]' is used by [[Freud]] to refer to a hypothetical process in which the [[unconscious]] is constituted through the f[[ormation]] and [[repression]] of [[unconscious]] ideas and [[representation]]s. The result is the lating [[fixation]] of the [[drive]] to one particular [[representation]]. 'Primal' is used here in the sense in which [[Freud]] speaks of the [[primal scene]]. == def ==The [[ego]]'s mechanism for suppressing and forgetting its [[instinct]]ual impulses. "