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Return to Freud

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{{Top}}retour à Freud{{Bottom}}
=====Freudian Legacy=====
The whole of [[Lacan]]'s work can only be understood within the context of the intellectual and theoretical legacy of [[Sigmund Freud]] (1856-1939), the founder [[father]] of [[psychoanalysis]].
The whole of [[Lacan]]'s work can only be understood first trained as a [[psychoanalyst]] within the context of the intellectual and theoretical legacy of [[Sigmund FreudInternational Psychoanalytical Association]] (1856-1939[[IPA]]), the founder of organization founded by [[psychoanalysisFreud]]which presented itself as the sole legitimate heir to the ''Freudian legacy''.
=====Betrayal of Freud=====However, [[Lacan]] first trained as gradually began to develop a radical critique of the way that most [[psychoanalystanalyst]] within s in the [[International Psychoanalytical AssociationIPA]] (had [[IPAinterpretation|interpreted]]), the organization founded by [[Freud]] which presented itself as the sole legitimate heir to the Freudian legacy.
HoweverAfter being expelled from the [[IPA]] in 1953, [[Lacan]] gradually began to develop a developed his polemic further, arguing that [[Freud]]'s radical critique insights had been universally betrayed by the [[school|three major schools]] of the way that most [[analystpsychoanalysis]]s in within the [[IPA]] had interpreted : [[ego-psychology]], [[Kleinian psychoanalysis]], and [[Freudobject-relations theory]].
After being expelled from the [[IPA]] in 1953, [[Lacan]] developed his polemic further, arguing that [[=====Return to Freud]]'s radical insights had been universally betrayed by the three major [[school]]s of [[psychoanalysis]] within the [[IPA]]: [[ego-psychology]], [[Kleinian psychoanalysis]], and [[object-relations theory]].=====To remedy this situation, [[Lacan]] proposed to lead a '"[[return to Freud']]", both in the sense of a renewed attention to the ''actual texts '' of [[Freud ]] himself, and a '''return ''' to the ''essence '' of [[Freud]]'s [[Sigmund Freud:Bibliography|work ]] which had been betrayed by the [[IPA]].
Reading [[Freud]] in the original German allowed [[Lacan]] to discover elements which had been obscured by poor translation and ignored by other commentators.
=====Post-Freudians=====
Thus much of [[Lacan]]'s work is taken up with detailed textual commentaries on specific works by [[Freud]], and by numerous references to the work of other analysts whose ideas [[Lacan]] refutes.
To understand [[Lacan]]'s work, therefore, it is necessary both to have a detailed understanding of [[Freud]]'s ideas and also a grasp of the way these ideas were developed and modified by the other analysts (the 'post-Freudians') whom Lacan criticizes.
These ideas are the background against which [[Lacan]] develops his own "[[return to Freud]]."
<Blockquote>What such a return [to Freud] involves for me is not a return of the repressed, but rather taking the antithesis constituted by the phase in the history of the psychoanalytic movement since the death of Freud, showing what psychoanalysis is not, and seeking with you the means of revitalizing that which has continued to sustain it, even in deviation...<ref>{{E}} p. 116</ref></Blockquote>
----=====Orthodoxy=====However, [[Lacan]]'s work itself puts in question the narrative of a '''return ''' to ''orthodoxy '' implicit in the expression '"[[return to Freud]],' " for [[Lacan]]'s way of reading [[Freud ]] and his style of presentation are so original that they seem to belie his modest claims to be a mere commentator. Furthermore, while it is true that [[Lacan]] returns to specific aspects of the Freudian conceptual legacy, privileging Lacan is no more 'faithful' to Freud's work than the post-Freudians whom he criticizes for having betrayed Freud's message; like them, [[Lacan]] selects and develops certain themes in [[Freud]]'s work and neglects or reinterprets others.
Lacanian psychoanalysis might therefore be described as a Furthermore, while it is true that [[Lacan]] returns to specific aspects of the [[Freud]]ian conceptual legacy, privileging [[Lacan]] is no more "faithful" to [[Freud]]'s [[Sigmund Freud:Bibliography|work]] than the post-FreudianFreudians whom he criticizes for having betrayed [[Freud]]' form of psychoanalysiss [[message]]; like them, along with [[ego-psychologyLacan]] selects and develops certain themes in [[Freud]], 's [[Kleinian psychoanalysisSigmund Freud:Bibliography|work]] and neglects or [[object-relations theoryinterpretation|reinterprets]]others.
'''[[Lacan]]ian [[psychoanalysis]]''' might therefore be described as a "[[Freud|post-Freudian]]" form of [[psychoanalysis]], along with '''[[ego-psychology]]''', '''[[Kleinian psychoanalysis]]''' and ''[[object--relations theory]]'''.
=====Reading of Freud=====However, this is not the way [[Lacan]] sees his [[work]].
[[Lacan]] argues that there is a deeper logic at work in [[Freud]]'s [[Sigmund Freud:Bibliography|texts]], a logic which endows those [[Sigmund Freud:Bibliography|texts ]] with a consistency despite the apparent contradictions.
[[Lacan]] claims that his [[interpretation|reading ]] of [[Freud]], and his alone, brings out this logic, and shows us that "the different stages and changes in direction" in [[Freud]]'s [[Sigmund Freud:Bibliography|work ]] "are governed by Freud's inflexibly effective concern to maintain it in its primary rigour."<ref>{{E}} p.116</ref>
In other words, while [[Lacan]]'s reading of [[Freud]] may be as partial as any other in the sense that it privileges particular aspects of [[Freud]]'s work, that is not, in [[Lacan]]'s view, justification for regarding all interpretations of [[Freud]] as equally valid.
Thus [[Lacan]]'s declarations of loyalty and accusations of '''betrayal ''' cannot be seen as a mere rhetorical strategy.
Certainly, they do have a rhetorico-political function, in that presenting himself as '"more Freudian' [[Freud]]ian" than anyone else allowed [[Lacan]] to challenge the effective monopoly on the Freudian ''[[Freud]]ian legacy '' that the [[IPA]] still enjoyed in the 1950s.
However, [[Lacan]]'s statements are also an explicit claim to have teased out a coherent logic if [[Freud]]'s writings that no one else had perceived before.
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