Changes

When [[Jacques Lacan]] founded the ''[[Ècole Freudienne de Paris]]'' ([[EFP]]) in 1964, after his resignation from the ''[[Société Française de Psychanalyse]]'' ([[SPP]]), he [[chose ]] to call it a "[[school]]" (''école'') for precise reasons.

Not only was it the first [[time ]] that a [[school|psychoanalytic organisation]] had been called a "[[school]]" rather than an "[[school|association]]" or a "[[school|society]]", but the term "[[school|school]]" also highlighted the fact that the [[EFP]] was more a means of [[school|psychoanalytic formation]] centred around a ''[[doctrine]]'' than an [[school|institutional order]] centred around ''a group of important [[people]]''.

Thus the very use of the term "[[school]]" in the [[name ]] of the [[EFP]] indicated that it was an attempt to found a very different type of [[school|psychoanalytic institution]] from those which had been founded before.

[[Lacan]] was particularly keen to avoid the dangers of the hierarchy dominating the institution, which he saw in the [[International Psychoanalytic Association]] ([[IPA]]), and which he blamed for the [[theoretical ]] misunderstandings which had come to dominate the [[IPA]]; the [[IPA]] had become, he argued, a kind of [[religion|church]].<ref>{{S11}} p.4</ref>

However, it is also important to note that [[Lacan]]'s criticisms of the [[IPA]] do not imply a criticism of the [[school|psychoanalytic institution]] ''per se''; while [[Lacan]] is very critical of the dangers that beset all [[school|psychoanalytic institution]]s, the fact that he himself founded one is evidence that he [[thought ]] that some kind of institutional framework was necessary for [[psychoanalyst]]s.

Many of Lacan's [[ideas ]] cannot be [[understood ]] without some [[understanding ]] of the [[history ]] of the [[EFP]] (1964-80), especially those of [[Lacan]]'s ideas which relate to the [[training]] of analysts.

There were four [[categories ]] of members in the [[EFP]]:

* [[school|A.P.]] (''[[Analyste ]] Practiquant''),

Those who applied for membership of the [[school]] were interviewed by a committee called the ''[[school|cardo]]'' (a [[word ]] [[meaning ]] a hinge on which a door turns) before [[being ]] admitted as an [[school|M.E.]]

Only the [[school|A.M.E.]] and the [[school|A.E.]] were recognised as [[analyst]]s by the [[school]], although [[other ]] members were not [[forbidden ]] to conduct [[treatment|analyses]], and could award themselves the title of [[school|A.P.]] to indicate that they were [[treatment|practising]] [[analysts]].

The title of [[school|A.M.E.]] was granted to members of the school who [[satisfied ]] a jury of senior members that they had conducted the [[analysis]] of two [[patient]]s in a satisfactory manner; in this [[sense]], the [[category ]] of [[school|A.M.E]], was similar to that of the titular members of other [[school|psychoanalytic societies]].

[[Another ]] original feature of the [[EFP]] was the promotion of research in small study groups known as [[cartel]]s.

Some of the original members of the [[EFP]] followed [[Lacan]] into the [[ECF]], whereas [[others ]] [[left ]] to set up a variety of other groups.

Some of these groups still [[exist ]] today, as does the [[ECF]].

* [[Ècole Freudienne de Paris]]* [[International Psychoanalytic AssociationTreatment]]