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{| width="100%" align="center" style="width:520px; border:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding-left:30px;"|width="50px"||width="470px"||-| [[{II{Y}}|1954 - 1955]]| ''[[Le moi dans la théorie de Freud et dans la technique de la psychanalyse]]''<BR>[[The Ego in Freud's Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis]]|} [[Lacan]] deliberates on the distinction made in his [[Seminar I|first seminar]] between [[discourse]] [[analysis]] and the [[analysis]] of the [[ego]], both in relation to [[psychoanalytical theory]] and [[practice]]. He claims that "[[analysis]] deals with [[resistance]]s." He reviews three works by [[Freud]]: <i>[[Beyond the Pleasure Principle]]</i>, on the [[death instinct]]; <i>[[Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego]]</i>; and <i>[[The Ego and the Id]]</i>. [[Consciousness]] is [[transparent]] to itself, whereas the [[I]] (<i>[[je]]</i>) is not. The [[I]] is [[outside]] the field of [[consciousness]] and its [[certainties]] (where we [[represent]] ourselves as [[ego]], where something [[exist]]s and is expressed by the [[I]]). But it is not enough to say that "the [[I]] of the [[unconscious]] is not the [[ego]]" since we tend to think this [[I]] as the [[true]] [[ego]]. [[Lacan]] proceeds to re-assert the locus of the [[ego]] and reinstate the [[excentricity]] of the [[subject]] vis-à-vis the [[ego]]. The [[ego]] is a particular [[object]] within the experience of the [[subject]], with a certain function: an [[imaginary]] one. When in the [[specular image]] the [[ego]] is recognized as such by the [[subject]], this [[image]] becomes [[self-conscious]]. "The [[mirror stage]] is based on the rapport between, on one hand, a certain level of tendencies which are experienced as [[disconnected]] and, on the other, a [[unity]] with which it is merged and paired. In this [[unity]] the [[subject]] knows itself as [[unity]], but as an [[alienated]], virtual one." However, for a [[consciousness]] to perceive another [[consciousness]], the [[symbolic order]] must intervene on the [[system]] determined by the [[image]] of the [[ego]], as a dimension of <i>[[re-connaissance]]</i>. In "[[The Dream of Irma's Injection]]" the most [[tragic]] moment occurs in the confrontation with the [[Real]]. The ultimate [[Real]], "something in front of which [[word]]s stop." "In the [[dream]] the [[unconscious]] is what is [[outside]] all of the [[subject]]s. The [[structure]] of the [[dream]] shows that the [[unconscious]] is not the [[ego]] of the [[dream]]er." "This [[subject]] [[outside]] the [[subject]] designates the whole [[structure]] of the [[dream]]." "What is at stake in the function of the [[dream]] is beyond the [[ego]], what in the [[subject]] is of the [[subject]] and not of the [[subject]], that is the [[unconscious]]." In his analysis of [[Poe]]'s <i>[[Purloined Letter]]</i>, [[Lacan]] speaks of "an other beyond all subjectivity." The question concerns the "confrontation of the subject beyond the ego with the <i>Id</i>, the <i>quod</i> (what-is-it?) which seeks to come into being in analysis."
[[Image:schemaL.gif|center]]
The <i>[[Schema L]]</i>, systematized in <i>La lettre volée</i> (Écrits, 1966), is elaborated in this [[seminar]]. A four-term [[structure ]] maps the [[Real]], the [[Imaginary ]] and the [[Symbolic ]] as replacing the second Freudian [[Freud]]ian [[topography]]: [[ego]] /<i>[[id]]</i>/[[superego]]. Two diagonals intersect, while the [[imaginary ]] rapport links <i>[[a]]</i> (the [[ego]]) to <i>[[a']]</i> (the [[other]]), the line going from <i>[[S]]</i> (the [[subject]], the Freudian [[Freud]]ian <i>[[id]]</i>) to <i>[[A]]</i> (the [[Other]]) is interrupted by the first one. The [[Other ]] is difficult to define: it is the place of [[language ]] where [[subjectivity ]] is constituted; it is the place of [[primal ]] [[speech ]] linked to the [[Father]]; it is the place of the absolute [[Other]], the [[mother ]] in the [[demand]]. The [[Other ]] makes the [[subject ]] without him [[knowing ]] it. With [[Lacan ]] in [[Freud]]'s <i>[[Wo Es war, soll Ich werden]]</i>, <i>[[Es]]</i> is the [[subject]]. It [[knows ]] him or doesn't. The further, more exacting insight, is [[It ]] speaks or doesn't. At the [[end of analysis]], it is [[It ]] who must be called on to [[speak]], and to enter in relation with real [[Others]]. Where <i>[[S]]</i> was, there the <i>[[Ich]]</i> should be. <b>Le séminaire, Livre II: Le moi dans la théorie de Freud et dans la technique de la psychanalyse</b><br>French: (texte établi par Jacques-Alain Miller), Paris: Seuil, 1977.<br>English: <b>Book II: The Ego in Freud's Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis</b> (edited by Jacques-Alain Miller), New York: Norton, 1988.
{| style="width:100%; border:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding-left:10px;"
|width="100%"| [[Jacques Lacan|Lacan, Jacques]]. [[Seminar I|The Seminar of Jacques Lacan: Book II : The Ego in Freud's Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis 1954-1955 (Seminar of Jacques Lacan)]]. Ed. [[Jacques-Alain Miller]]. Trans. [[Sylvana Tomaselli]]. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1991. Paperback, Language: English, ISBN: 0393307093. <small><small>Buy it at [http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0393307093/nosubject-20/ Amazon.com], [http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/ASIN/0393307093/nosub07-20/ Amazon.ca], [http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/0393307093/nosub-21/ Amazon.de], [http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0393307093/nosubjencyofl-21/ Amazon.co.uk] or [http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/0393307093/nosub04-21/ Amazon.fr].</small></small>
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|width="100%"| [[Jacques Lacan|Lacan, Jacques]]. [[Seminar I|Le séminaire, Livre II: Le moi dans la théorie de Freud et dans la technique de la psychanalyse]]. Ed. [[Jacques-Alain Miller]]. Paris: Seuil, 1977. 374 pages, Language: French, ISBN: 2020047276. <small><small>Buy it at [http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/2020047276/nosubject-20/ Amazon.com], [http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/ASIN/2020047276/nosub07-20/ Amazon.ca], [http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/2020047276/nosub-21/ Amazon.de], [http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/2020047276/nosubjencyofl-21/ Amazon.co.uk] or [http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/2020047276/nosub04-21/ Amazon.fr].</small></small>
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