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{{SSeminarsNavBar|RightPrevLink=Seminar I|RightPrevText=Seminar I|RightNextLink=Seminar III|RightNextText=Seminar III}} {| stylealign="line-height:2.0em;width:100%;text-align:justify;border-spacing:8px;margin:6px -8pxcenter"|style="width:100%600px;border:0px 1px solid #ccccccaaa;backgroundtext-coloralign:#ffffffleft;verticalline-alignheight:top"|{| width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="5" style="text-align:justify.0em;verticalpadding-alignleft:top10px;background-color:#ffffff"

|style="width:100px;text-align:justifyleft; line-height:2.0em; padding-left:10px;" | 1954 - 1955| style="width:100px;colortext-align:#000left;line-height:2.5em0em;alignpadding-left:justify10px;"|[[Seminar II]]| alignstyle="centerwidth:300px;text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding-left:10px;"|{{''[[Seminar II|<small>Le moi dans la théorie de Freud et dans la technique de la psychanalyse</small>]]''<BR><big>[[Seminar II|The Ego in Freud's Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis]]</big>|}} [[Image:Sem.II.NB.jpg|border|right|300px]]<BR><BR><span style="line-height:1.5em;font-| size:1.1em">[[Lacan ]] deliberates on the distinction made in his [[Seminar I|first seminar ]] between [[discourse ]] [[analysis ]] and the [[analysis ]] of the [[ego]], both in relation to psychoanalytical theory and practice. He claims that "[[analysis ]] deals with resistances[[resistance]]s." He reviews three works by [[Freud]]: <i>[[Beyond the Pleasure Principle]]</i>, on the [[death instinctdrive]]; <i>[[Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego]]</i>; and <i>[[The Ego and the Id]]</i>.</span> <span style="line-height:1.5em;font-size:1.1em">[[Consciousness]] is [[transparent]] to itself, whereas the I (<i>je</i>) or '[[ego]]' is not. The I is outside the field of consciousness and its [[certainties]] (where we [[represent]] ourselves as ego, where something exists and is expressed by the I). But it is not enough to say that 'the I of the [[unconscious]] is not the ego' since we tend to think this I as the true ego. [[Lacan]] proceeds to re-assert the locus of the ego and reinstate the [[excentricity]] of the [[subject]] vis-à-vis the ego.</span> <span style="line-height:1.5em;font-size:1.1em">The ego is a particular [[object]] within the [[experience]] of the subject, with a certain function: an [[imaginary]] one. When in the [[specular image]] the ego is recognized as such by the subject, this [[image]] becomes [[self-conscious]]. "The [[mirror stage]] is based on the rapport [relationship] between, on one hand, a certain level of tendencies which are experienced as [[disconnected]] and, on the other, a [[unity]] with which it is merged and paired. In this [[unity]] the subject knows itself as unity, but as an [[alienated]], [[virtual]] one."</span> <span style="line-height:1.5em;font-size:1.1em">However, for a [[consciousness]] to perceive [[another]] consciousness, the [[symbolic order]] must intervene on the system determined by the image of the ego, as a dimension of <i>[[re-connaissance]]</i>.</span> <span style="line-height:1.5em;font-size:1.1em">In "[[The Dream of Irma's Injection]]" the most tragic moment occurs in the confrontation with the [[Real]] - the ultimate Real, "something in front of which words stop." "In the [[dream]] the unconscious is what is [[outside]] all of the subjects. The structure of the dream shows that the unconscious is not the ego of the dreamer." "This subject outside the subject designates the whole [[structure]] of the dream." "What is at stake in the function of the dream is beyond the ego, what in the subject is of the subject and not of the subject, that is the unconscious."</span> <span style="line-height:1.5em;font-size:1.1em">In [[Seminar on 'The Purloined Letter'|his analysis]] of Poe's <i>[[Purloined Letter]]</i>, [[Lacan]] speaks of "an other beyond all subjectivity." The question concerns the "confrontation of the subject beyond the ego with the <i>Id</i>, the <i>quod</i> (what-is-it?) which seeks to come into being in analysis."</span> <span style="line-height:1.5em;font-size:1.1em">"The purloined [[letter]] is synonymous with the original, radical subject of the unconscious. The [[symbol]] is being [[displaced]] in its pure state: one cannot come into contact with without being caught in its play. There is nothing in destiny, or casualty, which can be defined as a function of existence. When the characters get hold of this letter, something gets hold of them and carries them along. At each stage of the symbolic transformation of the letter, they will be defined by their position in relation to this radical object. This position is not fixed. As they enter into the [[necessity]] peculiar to the letter, they each become functionally different to the essential reality of the letter. For each of them the letter is the unconscious, with all its consequences, namely that at each point of the symbolic circuit, each of them becomes someone else."<br/span>

Consciousness is transparent to itself, whereas the I (<i>je</i>) is not. The I is outside the field of consciousness and its certainties (where we represent ourselves as ego, where something exists and is expressed by the I). But it is not enough to say that "the I of the unconscious is not the egospan style=" since we tend to think this I as the true ego. Lacan proceeds to reline-assert the locus of the ego and reinstate the excentricity of the subject vis-à-vis the ego.<br>The ego is a particular object within the experience of the subject, with a certain functionheight: an imaginary one2. When in the specular image the ego is recognized as such by the subject, this image becomes self0em;font-conscious. "The mirror stage is based on the rapport between, on one hand, a certain level of tendencies which are experienced as disconnected and, on the other, a unity with which it is merged and paired. In this unity the subject knows itself as unity, but as an alienated, virtual one."<br>However, for a consciousness to perceive another consciousness, the symbolic order must intervene on the system determined by the image of the ego, as a dimension of <i>re-connaissance</i>.<br>In "The Dream of Irma's Injection" the most tragic moment occurs in the confrontation with the Real. The ultimate Real, "something in front of which words stop." "In the dream the unconscious is what is outside all of the subjects. The structure of the dream shows that the unconscious is not the ego of the dreamer." "This subject outside the subject designates the whole structure of the dream." "What is at stake in the function of the dream is beyond the ego, what in the subject is of the subject and not of the subject, that is the unconscious."<br>In his analysis of Poe's <i>Purloined Letter</i>, Lacan speaks of "an other beyond all subjectivity." The question concerns the "confrontation of the subject beyond the ego with the <i>Id</i>, the <i>quod</i> (what-is-it?) which seeks to come into being in analysis."<br>"The purloined letter is synonymous with the original, radical subject of the unconscious. The symbol is being displaced in its pure statesize: one cannot come into contact with without being caught in its play. There is nothing in destiny, or casualty, which can be defined as a function of existence. When the characters get hold of this letter, something gets hold of them and carries them along. At each stage of the symbolic transformation of the letter, they will be defined by their position in relation to this radical object. This position is not fixed. As they enter into the necessity peculiar to the letter, they each become functionally different to the essential reality of the letter. For each of them the letter is the unconscious, with all its consequences, namely that at each point of the symbolic circuit, each of them becomes someone else1.1em"<br> When [[Jean Hyppolite ]] asks: "What use does the Symbolic have?" Lacan answers: "The Symbolic, the Imaginary and the Real are useful in giving its [[meaning ]] to a particularly pure symbolic experience, that of analysis." Since the symbolic dimension is the only dimension that cures[[cure]]s, "The symbolic order is simultaneously non-being and insisting to be, that is what [[Freud ]] has in mind when he talks about the death instinct as being what is most fundamental: a symbolic order in travail, in the process of coming, insisting in being realisedrealized."<br><br/span>

<span style="line-height:2.0em;font-size:1.1em">The <i>[[Schema L]]</i>, systematized in the <i>[[Seminar on 'The Purloined Letter'|Seminar on 'The Purloined Letter' (La lettre volée)]]</i> ([[Écrits]], 1966), is elaborated in this [[seminar]]. A four-term structure maps the Real, the Imaginary and the Symbolic as replacing the second Freudian topography: [[ego]] /<i>[[id]]</i>/[[superego]]. Two diagonals intersect, while the imaginary rapport links <i>a</i> (the ego) to <i>a'</i> (the [[other]]), the line going from <i>S</i> (the subject, the Freudian <i>[[id]]</i>) to <i>A</i> (the [[Other]]) is interrupted by the first one. The Other is difficult to define: it is the place of [[language ]] where [[subjectivity ]] is constituted; it is the place of primal speech linked to the [[Father]]; it is the place of the absolute Other, the [[mother ]] in the [[demand]]. The Other makes the subject without him knowing it. With Lacan , in Freud's <i>[[Wo Es war, soll Ich werden]]</i>, <i>Es</i> is the subject. It knows him or doesn't. The further, more exacting insight, is It speaks or doesn't. At the [[end of analysis]], it is It who must be called on to speak, and to enter in relation with real Others. Where <i>S</i> was, there the <i>Ich</i> should be. <b>Le séminaire, Livre II: Le moi dans la théorie de Freud et dans la technique de la psychanalyse</b><brspan>French: (texte établi par Jacques-Alain Miller), Paris: Seuil, 1977.<br>English: <b>Book II: The Ego in Freud's Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis</b> (edited by Jacques-Alain Miller), New York: Norton, 1988.

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| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|17 novembre 1954]] | [httphttps://{{seminaires}}/seminaireIImega.nz/1954.11.17.pdf #!eSZ0GYbL!yBnG06l3uVAzrV_E9rYeNUC23UYJfBiHa00W5DhRvII link]

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| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|8 décembre 1954]] | [httphttps://{{seminaires}}mega.nz/seminaireII/1954.12.06.pdf #!7PIy1AhB!_F8SwchqRLcfZzuj0LiKDe3621M4VzClg6CNKDoaJPU link]

| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|15 décembre 1954]] | [httphttps://{{seminaires}}mega.nz/seminaireII/1954.12.17.pdf #!rPJi1SJY!wSIEIJZr-tLv3T_sTmasTRtw3LkBZihTcLVfQNXEQ-8 link]

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| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|26 janvier 1955]] | [httphttps://{{seminaires}}/seminaireIImega.nz/1955.01.26.pdf #!6HIgACZT!RXY64IElbnTAnscXdjtv9BYh_0BbqO3-zYViOt64lFw link]

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| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|16 février 1955]] | [httphttps://{{seminaires}}/seminaireIImega.nz/1955.02.16.pdf #!zLBiRapB!fpdvVypvi3_V7BPZmtN2eVyoAGzku62R669pdTfy6hQ link]

| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|2 mars 1955]] | [httphttps://{{seminaires}}mega.nz/seminaireII/1955.03.02.pdf #!2KRiwIZQ!XTa9vEbGezDKhaKGQIJismPLxHidoA4H5GCruGprpbg link]

| bgcolor="#ffffff" style="padding-left:15px" | [[{{Y}}|9 mars 1955]] | [httphttps://{{seminaires}}mega.nz/seminaireII/1955.03.09.pdf #!XaZSTIKQ!T1L7uEhSsuBslaX2clQrMHxQXMeyRWlSD9duoiJsMWU link]

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 French versions of [[Jacques Lacan|Lacan's]] [[Seminars]] Source: http://ecole-lacanienne.net* [[File:Seminaire_02.pdf|}Download]]<BR><pdf width="450px" height="600px">File:Seminaire_02.pdf</pdf><!-- Start {| style="width:100%; border:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left; line-height:2.0em; padding-left:10px;"| width="100%" | [[Jacques Lacan|Lacan, Jacques]]. [[Seminar I|The Seminar of Jacques Lacan: Book II : The Ego in Freud's Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis 1954-1955 (Seminar of rightJacques Lacan)]]. Ed. [[Jacques-column Alain Miller]]. Trans. [[Sylvana Tomaselli]]. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1991. Paperback, Language: [[English]], ISBN: 0393307093. <small><small>Buy it at [https://amzn.to/2FgWwET Amazon.com], [http://www.amazon.ca/exec/obidos/ASIN/0393307093/nosub07-20/ Amazon.ca], [http://www.amazon.de/exec/obidos/ASIN/0393307093/nosub-21/ Amazon.de], [http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/0393307093/nosubjencyofl-21/ Amazon.co.uk] or [http://www.amazon.fr/exec/obidos/ASIN/0393307093/nosub04-21/ Amazon.fr].</small></small>

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