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| − | [[Image:Sem7.jpg|thumb|right|'''L'éthique de la psychanalyse.''']] | + | [[Image:Sem7.jpg|frame|right]] |
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| − | ! 1959 - 1960
| + | | 1959 - 1960 |
| − | | ''Le séminaire, Livre VII: L'éthique de la psychanalyse''<BR>The Seminar, Book VII: The Ethics of Psychoanalysis | + | | ''L'éthique de la psychanalyse''<BR>The Ethics of Psychoanalysis |
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| − | ==Description==
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| − | This [[seminar]] has been crucial for the wider dissemination of [[Lacan]]ian ideas in the [[humanities]] and [[social science]]s and it provides a constant reference point for [[Slavoj Zizek|Žižek]] as well as [[feminism|feminist]] [[criticism|critics]].
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| − | The [[seminar]] contains [[Lacan]]'s only reference to ''[[das Ding]]'' (the [[Thing]]) as well as his reflections on [[sublimation]] and ''[[jouissance]]''.
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| − | The [[seminar]] is probably most well known though for [[Lacan]]'s discussion of [[Sophocles]]' [[ancient]] [[Greek]] [[tragedy]] ''[[Antigone]]'', where he elaborates one of his most influential definitions of the [[ethics|ethical]] [[act]] - "not to give way on one's desire" - and [[feminine]] [[sexuality]] in relation to [[courtly love]] [[poetry]].
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| − | This seminar is a very accessible and essential reading.
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| − | ==Back of the Book==
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| − | Jacques Lacan dedicates this seventh year of his famous seminar to the problematic role of ethics in psychoanalysis.
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| − | Delving into the psychoanalyst's inevitable involvement with ethical questions and "the attraction of transgression," Lacan illuminates Freud's psychoanalytic work and its continued influence.
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| − | Lacan explores the problem of sublimation, the paradox of jouissance, the essence of tragedy (a reading of Sophocle's Antigone), and the tragic dimension of analytic experience.
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| − | His exploration leads us to startling insights on "the consequence of man's relationship to desire" and the conflicting judgments of ethics and analysis.
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| − | ==Summary==
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| − | At the root of the [[[[ethics]]]] is [[desire]], but a [[desire]] marked by the "fault".
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| − | [[Analysis]]' only promise is austere: it is "the entrance into-the-I," ''l'entrée-en-Je''.
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| − | "I must come to the place where the ''Id'' was," where the [[analysand]] discovers, in its absolute nakedness, the [[truth]] of his [[desire]].
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| − | The [[end]] of the [[cure]] is then the purification of [[desire]].
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| − | [[Lacan]] makes three statements:
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| − | * one is only [[[[guilt]]y]] of "having given in on one's [[desire]]";
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| − | * "the [[hero]] is the one who can be betrayed with impunity";
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| − | * [[good]]s [[exist]], but "there is no other [[good]] than the one that can pay the price of the access to [[desire]]," a [[desire]] that is only valid insofar as it is [[desire]] to know.
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| − | [[Lacan]] laudes [[Oedipus at Colonus]] who calls down curses before [[death|dying]], and he associates him with [[Antigone]], walled up alive, who has not given in at all.
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| − | Both have rejected the right to live in order to enter the "[[between the two deaths|in-between-two-deaths]]," - ''entre-deux-morts'' - that is [[immortality]].
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| − | Since ''Le désir et son intépretation'', the [[analysis]] of the son's passion ([[subject]]) has become more pressing.
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| − | Who is the [[Father]]? Here is the terrible [[Father]] of the [[primal horde]] ([[Freud]]'s ''[[Totem and Taboo]]''); [[Luther]]'s [[God]] with "his eternal hatred against men, a hatred that existed even before the world was born"; the [[father]] of the [[law]] who, as to [[Saint Paul]], leads to [[temptation]]: "For me, the very [[commandment]] - Thou shall not covet - which should lead to [[life]] has proved to be [[death]] to me. For [[sin]], finding opportunity in the [[commandment]], [[seduce]]d me and by it killed me."
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| − | [[Lacan]] adds, "I have put the [[Thing]] in the place of [[sin]]," denouncing the complicity between the [[law]] and the [[Thing]], "which is called [[Evil]]."
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| − | But what is the [[Thing]] against which the [[Father]] cannot or does not know how to defend himself?
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| − | It has nothing to do with the [[object]], which is created by [[word]]s.
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| − | It is the [[outside]] [[signifier]] and also the hostile [[outside]] [[signified]]: a mute [[reality]] prior to [[primal]] [[repression]] that puts in its place the pure [[signifying]] web without being able to hide it.
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| − | It is the [[center]] of the [[unconscious]] but it is [[exclude]]d; it is the [[real]] but always represented by an [[emptiness]], the nonthing, ''l'a chose'', the [[nothing]], a [[hole]] in the [[real]] from which the [[Word]], the [[Signifier]], creates the [[world]].
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| − | It is the [[place]] of [[dead]]ly ''[[''[[jouissance]]'']]'' sanctioned by the [[prohibition]] of [[incest]].
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| − | It is associated with the [[mother]] who represents it by her [[manifest]] carnality, and with [[woman]] who, [[ideal]]ized in [[courtly love]], speaks the [[truth]]: "I am [[nothing]] but the [[emptiness]] which is in my cloaca."
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| − | The idea of a distorted [[sexuality]] meets the 70s mantra: "There is no such [[thing]] as a [[sexual rapport]]."
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| − | [[Woman]], who is the other, bears the burden of the curse, although the [[Thing]] is settled at the heart of all [[subject]]s who have to recognize it.
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| − | Who am I?
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| − | "You are the waste that falls in the world through the devil's anus."
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| − | However, salvation holds on by a thread: the theme of the exquisiteness of the son's [[love]] for the [[father]] would be amplified in ''[[Other of the Other|D'un Autre à l'autre]]''.
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| − | This [[father]] is a [[symbolic]] [[Father]], he is all the more present for being [[absent]], a [[Father]] without a [[body]] or the glorious body of [[signifier]]s, a [[father]] who can only be the [[object]] of an [[act]] of faith, for: there is no [[Other of the Other]] to [[guarantee]] him.
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| − | [[Sublimation]] is an attempt to confront the [[Thing]]: true [[love]] for one's [[neighbor]] consists in recognizing in him, as in oneself, the [[place]] and the wound of the [[Thing]].
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| − | As for dis[[belief]], by [[rejecting]] the [[thing]] it makes it [[appearance|reappear]] in the [[Real]], which is the [[Lacan]]ian [[definition]] of [[psychosis]].
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| − | If [[ethical]] [[thought]] "is at the centre of our work as [[analyst]]s," then, in the [[cure]], [[[[ethics]]]] converges from two sides.
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| − | On the side of the [[analysand]] is the problem of [[[[guilt]]]] and the [[pathogenic]] nature of [[civilised]] [[morality]].
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| − | [[Freud]] conceives of a basic conflict between the [[demand]]s of [[civilised]] [[morality]] and the essentially amoral [[sexual]] [[drive]]s of the [[[[patient]]]].
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| − | If [[morality]] takes the upper hand and the [[drive]]s are too intense to be [[sublimate]]d, [[sexuality]] is either expressed in [[perverse]] forms or [[repressed]].
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| − | [[Freud]] further develops this idea in his [[theory]] of an [[unconscious]] sense of [[[[guilt]]]] and in his concept of the [[superego]], that [[interior]] [[moral]] [[agency]] which becomes [[cruel]]er to the extent that the [[ego]] submits to its [[demand]]s.
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| − | The [[analyst]], on the other hand, has to deal with the [[pathogenic]] [[morality]] and [[unconscious]] [[[[guilt]]]] of the [[[[patient]]]] and with the [[ethical]] problems that arise in the [[cure]].
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| − | [[Lacan]] addresses the issue of how the [[analyst]] will respond to the [[[[patient]]]]'s sense of [[guilt]] by arguing that he must take it seriously, for whenever the [[patient]] feels [[guilt]]y it is because he has given way to his [[desire]]: "the only [[thing]] of which one can be [[guilt]]y is of having given ground relative to one's [[desire]]."
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| − | As to the [[pathogenic]] [[morality]] acting through the [[superego]], [[Lacan]] asserts that [[psychoanalysis]] is not a [[libertine]] [[ethos]].
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| − | The [[ethical]] [[position]] of the [[analyst]] is revealed by the way that he formulates the [[goal]] of the ]]cure]].
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| − | [[Ego-psychology]], for instance, proposes a [[normative]] [[ethics]] in the [[adaptaion]] of the [[ego]] to [[reality]].
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| − | [[Lacan]] opposes this stance and devises an [[ethics]] relating [[action]] to [[desire]]: "Have you acted in conformity with the [[desire]] that is in you?"
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| − | Traditional [[ethics]] ([[Aristotle]], [[Kant]]) revolves around the concept of the [[Good]], where different [[good]]s compete for the position of Supreme [[Good]].
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| − | [[Lacan]]ian [[ethics]] see the [[Good]] as an obstacle in the path of [[desire]], thus "a repudiation of the idea of Good is necessary."
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| − | It also [[reject]]s [[ideal]]s, such as [[health]] and [[happiness]].
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| − | Traditional [[ethics]] tends to link the [[good]] to [[[[pleasure]]]]: [[moral]] [[thought]] has "developed along the paths of an [[hedonistic]] problematic."
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| − | [[Lacan]] does not take such an approach because [[psychoanalytic]] [[experience]] has revealed the duplicity of [[pleasure]]: there is a limit to [[pleasure]], and when it is transgressed, it becomes pain.
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| − | ''[[jouissance]]'' is the paradoxical [[satisfaction]] that the [[subject]] derives from his [[symptom]], the suffering he derives from his [[satisfaction]].
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| − | Finally traditional [[ethics]] puts work and a safe, ordered [[existence]] before questions of [[desire]] by telling people to make their [[desire]]s wait.
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| − | [[Lacan]] forces the [[subject]] to confront the relation between his [[action]]s and his [[desire]] in the immediacy of the [[present]].
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| − | [[Lacan]] introduces the notion of ''[[das Ding]]'', the [[Thing]], via the opposition between the [[pleasure principle]] and the [[reality principle|principle of reality]], this opposition, however, is deluding since the latter is but a modification of the former.
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| − | Two are the contexts where ''[[das Ding]]'' operates.
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| − | Firstly there is [[Freud]]'s distinction between ''Wortvorstellungen'', [[word-presentation]]s, and ''Sachvorstellungen'', [[thing-presentation]]s.
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| − | The two types are bound together in the [[preconscious]]-[[conscious]] [[system]], whereas in the [[unconscious]] only [[thing-presentation]]s are found.
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| − | This seems to contradict the [[linguistic]] nature of the [[unconscious]].
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| − | [[Lacan]] counters the objection by pointing out that there are two words in [[German]] for "[[thing]]": ''[[das Ding]]'' and ''die Sache''.
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| − | [[Freud]] employs the latter to refer to the [[thing-presentation]]s in the [[unconscious]] , and if at one level ''Sachvorstellungen'' and ''Wortvorstellungen'' are opposed, on the [[symbolic]] level they go together.
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| − | ''Die Sache'' is the [[representation]] of a [[thing]] in the [[symbolic]], whereas ''[[das Ding]]'' is the [[thing]] in the [[real]], which is "the beyond-of-the-signified."
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| − | [[Thing-presentations]] found in the [[unconscious]] are of [[linguistic]] nature, as opposed to ''[[das Ding]]'', which is [[outside]] [[language]] and [[outside]] the [[unconscious]] .
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| − | "The [[thing]] is characterized by the fact that it is [[impossible]] for us to imagine it."
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| − | Yet, in relation to ''[[jouissance]]'', as well as being the [[object]] of [[language]], ''[[das Ding]]'' is the [[object]] of [[desire]].
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| − | It is the [[lost]] [[object]] which must be continually looked for, the unforgettable [[Other]], the [[forbidden]] [[object]] of [[incest]]uous [[desire]], the [[mother]].
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| − | The [[thing]] appears to the [[subject]] as the Supreme [[Good]], but if the [[subject]] [[trangress]]es the [[pleasure principle]] and attains it, it is experienced as [[suffering]] or/and [[evil]] because the [[subject]] "cannot stand the extreme [[good]] that ''[[das Ding]]'' may bring on him."
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| − | It would seem then fortunately that the [[thing]] is usually [[inaccessible]].
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| − | ==Definition==
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| − | At the end of the [[Ethics of Psychoanalysis]], the [[seminar]] in which the central question of the relationship between [[action] and the [[desire]] that inhabits us is explored in its [[tragic]] dimension, [[Lacan]] reminds us again of this other, [[comic]] dimension:
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| − | <blockquote>However little time I have thus far devoted to the comic here, you have been able to see that there, too, it is a question of the relationship between action and desire, and of the former's fundamental failure to catch up with the latter.<ref>SVII, p. 313</ref></blockquote>
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| − | Indeed, the “relationship between [[action]] and [[desire]]” is what defines the field of [[ethics]],
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| − | This [[seminar]] proves the importance [[Lacan]] attributed to the question of [[ethics]].
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| − | He was to return again and again to the problematic of the [[ethics]] seminar, starting from the [[seminar]] of the following year ([[Transference]]) up to [[Encore]] (1972-3) which starts with a reference to the [[seminar]]s on [[The Ethics of Psychoanalysis]].
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| − | In fact it is in [[Encore] where [[Lacan]] states that his [[ethics]] [[seminar]] was the only one he wanted to rewrite and publish as a written text.<ref>xx 53</ref>
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| − | ==Contents==
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| − | ====Outline of the [[seminar]]====
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| − | ===Introduction to the [[Thing]]===
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| − | ====[[Pleasure]] and [[Reality]]====
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| − | ====Rereading the ''[[Entwurf]]''====
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| − | ====''[[Das Ding]]''====
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| − | ====''[[Das Ding]]'' (II)====
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| − | ====On the [[moral]] [[law]]====
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| − | ===The Problem of [[Sublimation]]===
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| − | ====[[Drive]]s and [[lure]]s====
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| − | ====The [[object]] and the [[thing]]====
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| − | ====On creation ''ex nihilo''====
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| − | ====Marginal comments====
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| − | ====[[Courtly love]] as [[anamorphosis]]====
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| − | ====A critique of [[Bernfeld]]====
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| − | ===The [[Paradox]] of ''[[Jouissance]]''===
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| − | ====The [[death]] of [[God]]====
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| − | ====[[Love]] of one's [[neighbor]]====
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| − | ====The ''[[jouissance]]'' of [[transgression]]====
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| − | ====The [[death drive]]====
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| − | ====The function of the [[good]]====
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| − | ====The function of the [[beautiful]]====
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| − | ===The Essence of [[Tragedy]]===
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| − | ====A Commentary on [[Sophocles]]'s ''[[Antigone]]''====
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| − | ====The Splendor of [[Antigone]]====
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| − | ====The articulations of the play====
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| − | ====[[Antigone]] [[between two deaths]]====
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| − | ===The [[Tragic]] Dimension of [[Analytical]] [[Experience]]===
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| − | ====The [[demand]] for [[happiness]] and the [[promise]] of [[analysis]]====
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| − | ====The [[moral]] [[goal]]s of [[psychoanalysis]]====
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| − | ====The [[paradox]]es of [[ethics]] ''or'' Have you [[act]]ed in conformty with your [[desire]]?====
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| − | ==Bibliography==
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| − | ''Le séminaire, Livre VII: L'éthique de la psychanalyse, 1959-1960'' . Paris: Editions du Seuil. 1986.
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| − | English version: ''The Seminar of Jacques Lacan, Book VII: The [[Ethics]] of Psychoanalysis, 1959-1960''. Ed. J.-A. Miller. Trans. D. Porter. London: Routledge, 1992.
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| − | ==Library==
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| − | {| class="toccolours" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em;"
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| − | |style="background: #CCCCCC;" colspan="3" align=center|'''Download'''
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| − | {{See}}
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| − | * [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireVII/1959.11.18.pdf 1959.11.18.pdf]
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| − | * [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireVII/1959.11.25.pdf 1959.11.25.pdf]
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| − | * [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireVII/1959.12.02.pdf 1959.12.02.pdf]
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| − | * [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireVII/1959.12.09.pdf 1959.12.09.pdf]
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| − | ||
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| − | * [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireVII/1959.12.16.pdf 1959.12.16.pdf]
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| − | * [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireVII/1959.12.23.pdf 1959.12.23.pdf]
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| − | * [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireVII/1960.01.13.pdf 1960.01.13.pdf]
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| − | * [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireVII/1960.01.20.pdf 1960.01.20.pdf]
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| − | ||
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| − | * [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireVII/1960.01.27.pdf 1960.01.27.pdf]
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| − | * [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireVII/1960.02.03.pdf 1960.02.03.pdf]
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| − | * [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireVII/1960.02.10.pdf 1960.02.10.pdf]
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| − | * [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireVII/1960.03.02.pdf 1960.03.02.pdf]
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| − | ||
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| − | * [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireVII/1960.03.09.pdf 1960.03.09.pdf]
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| − | * [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireVII/1960.03.16.pdf 1960.03.16.pdf]
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| − | * [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireVII/1960.03.23.pdf 1960.03.23.pdf]
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| − | * [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireVII/1960.03.30.pdf 1960.03.30.pdf]
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| − | ||
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| − | * [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireVII/1960.04.27.pdf 1960.04.27.pdf]
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| − | * [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireVII/1960.05.04.pdf 1960.05.04.pdf]
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| − | * [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireVII/1960.05.11.pdf 1960.05.11.pdf]
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| − | * [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireVII/1960.05.18.pdf 1960.05.18.pdf]
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| − | ||
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| − | * [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireVII/1960.05.25.pdf 1960.05.25.pdf]
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| − | * [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireVII/1960.06.01.pdf 1960.06.01.pdf]
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| − | * [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireVII/1960.06.08.pdf 1960.06.08.pdf]
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| − | * [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireVII/1960.06.22.pdf 1960.06.22.pdf]
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| − | ||
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| − | * [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireVII/1960.06.29.pdf 1960.06.29.pdf]
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| − | * [http://{{Archive}}/seminaireVII/1960.07.06.pdf 1960.07.06.pdf]
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| − | {{Also}}
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| − | |}
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| − | [[Category:Terms]]
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| − | [[Category:Concepts]]
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| − | [[Category:Seminars]]
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| − | [[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
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| − | [[Category:Works]]
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