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'''Sigmund Freud''', born '''Sigismund Schlomo Freud''' ([[Sigmund FreudMay 6]] ([[1856 - ]] – [[September 23]] [[1939]]) , was a French [[Jew]]ish-[[Austria]]n [[neurology|neurologist]] and [[psychiatrist ]] who co-founded the [[psychoanalysis|psychoanalytic school]] of [[psychology]]. Freud is best known for his theories of the [[unconscious mind]], especially involving the mechanism of [[Psychological repression|repression]]; his redefinition of [[sexual desire]] as mobile and directed towards a wide variety of objects; and his therapeutic techniques, especially his understanding of [[transference]] in the therapeutic relationship and the founder presumed value of [[psychoanalysisdream]]s as sources of insight into unconscious desires.

  The founding [[father]] of [[psychoanalysis]] '''Sigmund Freud''' ({{IPA2|ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfʁɔʏt}}), born '''Sigismund Schlomo Freud''' ([[May 6]] [[1856]] – [[September 23]] [[1939]]), was a [[Jew]]ish-[[Austria]]n [[neurology|neurologist]] and [[psychiatrist]] who co-founded the [[psychoanalysis|psychoanalytic school]] of [[psychology]]. Freud is best known for his theories of the [[unconscious mind]], especially involving the mechanism of [[Psychological repression|repression]]; his redefinition of [[sexual desire]] as mobile and directed towards a wide variety of objects; and his therapeutic techniques, especially his understanding of [[transference]] in the therapeutic relationship and the presumed value of [[dream]]s as sources of insight into unconscious desires.{{Fact|date=February 2007}}  He is commonly referred to as "[[List of people known as father or mother of something|the father of psychoanalysis]]" and his work has been highly influential — popularizing such notions as the unconscious, [[defence mechanism|defense mechanism]]s, [[Freudian slips]] and [[dream symbolism]] — while also making a long-lasting impact on fields as diverse as [[literature]] ([[Kafka]]), [[film]], [[Marxism|Marxist]] and [[feminist]] theories, [[literary criticism]], [[philosophy]], and [[psychology]]. However, his theories remain controversial and widely disputed.

Sigmund Freud was born to [[Jew]]ish Jewish parents in [[Příbor]] (''Freiberg'' in German), [[Moravia]] (then [[Austrian Empire]], now [[Czech Republic]]), on [[6 May]] [[1856]]. His father Jacob was 41, a wool merchant, and had two children by a previous marriage. His mother Amalia was 21. Owing to his intellect, which was obvious from an early stage of his childhood, his parents favored him over his siblings, and even though they were poor they offered everything to give him a proper education. As a result, Freud did extremely well during his first 8 years of school, but at the age of 17, he had to move to the University in [[Vienna]] because of the strong [[anti-Semitism]] in [[Austria]] at the time, at which time his grades plummeted.{{psychoanalysis}}

 [[Image:Hall Freud Jung in front of Clark 1909.jpg|thumbnail|left|Group photo 1909 in front of [[Clark University]]. Front row: Sigmund Freud, [[Granville Stanley Hall]], [[C.G.Jung]]; back row: [[Abraham A. Brill]], [[Ernest Jones]], [[Sandor Ferenczi]].]] Freud married in 1886, after the opening of a private clinic, specializing in nerve and brain damage. After using [[hypnosis]] on his neurotic patients for a long period, he abandoned this form of treatment, in favor of a better treatment, where the patient talked through his or her problem.{{Fact|date=March 2007}}