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'''Sigmund Freud''', born '''Sigismund Schlomo Freud''' ([[May 6]] [[1856]] – [[September 23]] [[1939]]), was a [[Jew]]ishJewish-[[Austria]]n [[neurology|Austrian neurologist]] and [[psychiatrist]] who co-founded the [[psychoanalysis|psychoanalytic school]] of [[psychology]]. Freud is best known for his theories of the [[unconscious mind]], especially involving the mechanism of [[Psychological repression|repression]]; his redefinition of [[sexual desire]] as mobile and directed towards a wide variety of objects; and his therapeutic techniques, especially his understanding of [[transference]] in the therapeutic relationship and the presumed value of [[dream]]s as sources of insight into unconscious desires.
He is commonly referred to as "the father of psychoanalysis" and his work has been highly influential — popularizing such notions as the unconscious, [[defence mechanism|defense mechanism]]s, [[Freudian slips]] and [[dream symbolism]] — while also making a long-lasting impact on fields as diverse as [[literature]] ([[Kafka]]), [[film]], [[Marxism|Marxist]] and [[feminist]] theories, [[literary criticism]], [[philosophy]], and [[psychology]]. However, his theories remain controversial and widely disputed.
