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| − | {{Top}}signe{{Bottom}}
| + | Kq7dR6 <a href="http://uwjqztgxohhv.com/">uwjqztgxohhv</a>, [url=http://bkpgoyeudmgu.com/]bkpgoyeudmgu[/url], [link=http://pkzswhhteusn.com/]pkzswhhteusn[/link], http://bbsouuugcftq.com/ |
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| − | ===Ferdinand de Saussure=== | |
| − | [[Image:SAUSSUREANALGORITHM.gif|thumb|200px|right|The Saussurean Sign]]
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| − | According to [[Saussure]], the [[sign]] is the basic unit of [[language]]
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| − | The [[sign]] is constituted by two elements:
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| − | # the [[signified]], a conceptual element (or concept), and
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| − | # the [[signifier]], a phonological element (or sound-image).
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| − | The two elements are linked by an arbitrary but unbreakable bond.
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| − | =====Saussurean Sign=====
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| − | [[Saussure]] represented the [[sign]] by means of a diagram.<ref>[[Saussure|Saussure, Ferdinand de]]. (1916) ''[[Saussure|Course in General Linguistics]]'', ed. Charles Bally and Albert Sechehaye, trans. Wade Baskin, Glasgow: Collins Fontana. p.114</ref> In this diagram, the line between the [[signified]] and the [[signifier]] represents union, the reciprocal implication of the two elements. ([[Saussure]] put the [[signifier]] and the [[signified]] in an ellipse which indicates [[structure|structural unity]] of the [[sign]].)
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| − | =====Jacques Lacan===== | |
| − | [[Lacan]] takes up the [[Saussure]]an concept of the [[sign]] in his "linguistic turn" in [[psychoanalysis]] during the 1950s, but subjects it to several modifications. During the 1950s [[Lacan]] began to make us of [[Saussure]]'s concepts but adapted them in important ways.
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| − | =====Relation between Signifier and Signified=====
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| − | Firstly, whereas [[Saussure]] posited the reciprocal implication between [[signifier]] and [[signified]] (they are as mutually interdependent as two sides of a sheet of paper), [[Lacan]] argues that the relation between [[signifier]] and [[signified]] is extremely unstable.
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| − | =====Primacy of the Signifier=====
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| − | Secondly, [[Lacan]] asserts the [[existence]] of an order of "pure signifiers," where [[signifier]]s exist prior to [[signified]]s; this [[order]] of purely logical [[structure]] is the [[unconscious]]. This amounts to a destruction of [[Saussure]]'s concept of the [[sign]]; for [[Lacan]], a [[language]] is not composed of [[sign]]s but of [[signifier]]s.
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| − | =====Saussurean algorithm=====
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| − | [[Image:SAUSSUREANALGORITHM.gif|right|thumb|Saussurean algorithm|The Saussurean algorithm]] To illustrate the contrast between his own views and those of [[Saussure]], [[Lacan]] replaces [[Saussure]]'s diagram of the [[sign]] with an [[Saussurean algorithm|algorithm]] which, [[Lacan]] argues, should be attributed to [[Saussure]] -- and is thus now sometimes referred to as the "[[Saussure]]an algorithm."<ref>{{E}} p.149</ref> The '''S''' stands for the [[signifier]], and the '''s''' for the [[signified]]; the position of the [[signified]] and the [[signifier]] is thus inverted, showing the primacy of the [[signifier]] (which is capitalized, whereas the [[signifier]] is reduced to mere lower-case italic). The arrows and the circle are abolished, representing the [[absence]] of a stable or fixed relation between [[signifier]] and [[signified]]. The [[bar]] between the [[signifier]] and the [[signified]] no longer represents union but the [[resistance]] inherent in [[signification]]. For [[Lacan]], this [[algorithm]] defines "the [[topography]] of the [[unconscious]]."<ref>{{E}} p. 163</ref>
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| − | ==See Also==
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| − | {{See}}
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| − | * [[Enunciation]]
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| − | * [[Index]]
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| − | * [[Language]]
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| − | * [[Metaphor]]
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| − | * [[Materialism]]
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| − | * [[Signification]]
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| − | * [[Signified]]
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| − | * [[Signifying Chain]]
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| − | * [[Shifter]]
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| − | * [[Subject]]
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| − | * [[Symbol]]
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| − | * [[Symptom]]
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| − | {{Also}}
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| − | == References ==
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| − | <div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small">
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| − | <references/>
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| − | </div>
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| − | [[Category:Psychoanalysis]]
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| − | [[Category:Jacques Lacan]]
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| − | [[Category:Linguistics]]
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| − | [[Category:Dictionary]]
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| − | [[Category:Language]]
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| − | [[Category:Symbolic]]
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| − | [[Category:Concepts]]
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| − | [[Category:Terms]]
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| − | [[Category:OK]]
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