{{Top}}signe{{Bottom}} Kq7dR6 <a href===Ferdinand de Saussure===[[Image"http:SAUSSUREANALGORITHM//uwjqztgxohhv.gif|thumb|200px|right|The Saussurean Sign]]According to [[Saussure]], the [[sign]] is the basic unit of [[language]]The [[sign]] is constituted by two elements: # the [[signified]], a conceptual element (or concept), and # the [[signifier]], a phonological element (or sound-image). The two elements are linked by an arbitrary but unbreakable bond.=====Saussurean Sign=====[[Saussure]] represented the [[sign]] by means of a diagram.<refcom/">[[Saussure|Saussure, Ferdinand de]]. (1916) ''[[Saussure|Course in General Linguistics]]'', ed. Charles Bally and Albert Sechehaye, trans. Wade Baskin, Glasgow: Collins Fontana. p.114uwjqztgxohhv</refa> In this diagram, the line between the [[signified]] and the [[signifier]] represents union, the reciprocal implication of the two elements. ([[Saussure]] put the [[signifier]] and the [[signified]] in an ellipse which indicates [[structure|structural unity]] of the [[sign]].) url=====Jacques Lacan=====[[Lacan]] takes up the [[Saussure]]an concept of the [[sign]] in his "linguistic turn" in [[psychoanalysis]] during the 1950s, but subjects it to several modificationshttp://bkpgoyeudmgu. During the 1950s [[Lacan]com/] began to make us of bkpgoyeudmgu[[Saussure]]'s concepts but adapted them in important ways.=====Relation between Signifier and Signified=====Firstly, whereas [[Saussure/url]] posited the reciprocal implication between [[signifier]] and [[signified]] (they are as mutually interdependent as two sides of a sheet of paper), [[Lacan]] argues that the relation between [[signifier]] and [[signified]] is extremely unstable. ===link==Primacy of the Signifier=====Secondly, [[Lacan]] asserts the [[existence]] of an order of "pure signifiers," where [[signifier]]s exist prior to [[signified]]s; this [[order]] of purely logical [[structure]] is the [[unconscious]]. This amounts to a destruction of [[Saussure]]'s concept of the [[sign]]; for [[Lacan]], a [[language]] is not composed of [[sign]]s but of [[signifier]]s.=====Saussurean algorithm=====[[Imagehttp:SAUSSUREANALGORITHM//pkzswhhteusn.gif|right|thumb|Saussurean algorithm|The Saussurean algorithm]] To illustrate the contrast between his own views and those of [[Saussure]], [[Lacan]] replaces [[Saussure]]'s diagram of the [[signcom/]] with an pkzswhhteusn[[Saussurean algorithm|algorithm]] which, [[Lacan]] argues, should be attributed to [[Saussure]] -- and is thus now sometimes referred to as the "[[Saussure]]an algorithm."<ref>{{E}} p.149</ref> The '''S''' stands for the [[signifier]link], and the '''s''' for the [[signified]]; the position of the [[signified]] and the [[signifier]] is thus inverted, showing the primacy of the [[signifier]] (which is capitalized, whereas the [[signifier]] is reduced to mere lower-case italic). The arrows and the circle are abolished, representing the [[absence]] of a stable or fixed relation between [[signifier]] and [[signified]]. The [[bar]] between the [[signifier]] and the [[signified]] no longer represents union but the [[resistance]] inherent in [[signification]]. For [[Lacan]], this [[algorithm]] defines "the [[topography]] of the [[unconscious]]."<ref>{{E}} p. 163<http:/ref>==See Also=={{See}}* [[Enunciation]]* [[Index]]* [[Language]]||* [[Metaphor]]* [[Materialism]]* [[Signification]]||* [[Signified]]* [[Signifying Chain]]* [[Shifter]]||* [[Subject]]* [[Symbol]]* [[Symptom]]{{Also}}== References ==<div style="font-size:11px" class="references-small"><references/><bbsouuugcftq.com/div>[[Category:Psychoanalysis]][[Category:Jacques Lacan]][[Category:Linguistics]][[Category:Dictionary]][[Category:Language]][[Category:Symbolic]][[Category:Concepts]][[Category:Terms]][[Category:OK]]__NOTOC____NOEDITSECTION__
