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Fantasy
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==Sigmund Freud==
===Psychoanalysis===
The concept of [[fantasy]] is central to [[Freud]]'s [[Works of Sigmund Freud|work]].<ref>"[[Fantasy]]" is spelt "[[fantasy|phantasy]]" in the ''[[Standard Edition]]''.</ref>
Indeed, the origin of [[psychoanalysis]] is bound up with [[Freud]]'s recognition in 1897 that [[memory|memories]] of [[seduction]] are sometimes the product of [[fantasy]] rather than traces of real sexual abuse.
===Fantasy Versus Reality===
This crucial moment in the development of [[Freud]]'s thought (which is often simplistically dubbed "the abandonment of the seduction theory") seems to imply that [[fantasy]] is opposed to [[reality]], a purely illusory product of the imagination which stands in the way of a correct perception of reality.
However, such a view of [[fantasy]] cannot be maintained in [[psychoanalytic theory]], since [[reality]] is not seen as an unproblematic given in which there is a single objectively correct way of perceiving, but as something which is itself discursively constructed.
===Memory===
Therefore the change in [[Freud]]'s ideas in 1897 does not imply a rejection of the fundamentally discursive and imaginative nature of [[memory]]; [[memory|memories]] of past events are continually being reshaped in accordance with [[unconscious]] [[desire]]s, so much so that [[symptom]]s originate not in any supposed "objective facts" but in a complex [[dialectic]] in which [[fantasy]] plays a vital role.
===Scene===
[[Freud]] uses the term "[[fantasy]]", then, to denote a [[scene]] which is presented to the imagination and which stages an [[unconscious]] [[desire]].
==Jacques Lacan==
===Protection Function===
While [[Lacan]] accepts [[Freud]]'s formulations on the importance of [[fantasy]] and on its visual quality as a scenario which stages [[desire]], he emphasizes the protective function of [[fantasy]].
The [[fantasy]] is thus characterized by a fixed and immobile quality.
==More=Defence and Clinical Structure===
Although "[[fantasy]]" only emerges as a significant term in [[Lacan]]'s work from 1957 on, the concept of a relatively stable mode of [[defence]] is evident earlier on.
Each [[clinical structure]] may thus be distinguished by the particular way in which it uses a [[fantasy]] [[scene]] to veil the [[lack]] in the [[Other]].
===Neurotic Fantasy===The [[neurotic]] [[fantasy]], which [[Lacan]] formalizes in the [[matheme]] ('''$ D <> a'''), appears in the [[graph of desire]] as the [[subject]]'s response to the enigmatic [[desire]] of the [[Other]], a way of answering the question about what the [[Other]] wants from me. (''[[Che vuoi?]]'')<ref>{{E}} p.313</ref>
The [[matheme]] is to be read: the [[bar]]red [[subject]] in relation to the [[object]].
The [[perverse]] [[fantasy]] inverts this relation to the [[object]], and is thus formalized as '''''a'' D <> $'''.<ref>{{Ec}} p.774</ref>
==More=Fantasy of the Hysteric and Obsessional Neurotic===Although the [[matheme]] ('''S <> a''') designates the general [[structure]] of the [[neurotic]] [[fantasy]], [[Lacan]] also provides more specific formulas for the [[fantasy]] of the [[hysteric]] and that of the [[obsessional neurotic]].<ref>{{S8}} p.295</ref>
===Fantasy and the Subject===
These unique features express the [[subject]]'s particular mode of ''[[jouissance]]'' though in a distorted way.
In the course of [[psychoanalytic treatment]], the [[analyst]] reconstructs the [[analysand]]'s [[fantasy]] in all its details.
In other words, the course [[treatment]] must produce some modification of psychoanalytic treatment, the analyst reconstructs the analysand[[subject]]'s fantasy fundamental mode of [[defence]], some alteration in all its details. However, the treatment does not stop there; the analysand must go on to his mode of ''[[jouissance]]''traverse the fundamental fantasy."<ref>{{S11}} p.273</ref>.
==More=Kleinian Account of Fantasy===Although [[Lacan]] recognises criticises the power [[Klein]]ian account of the image in [[fantasy]] for not taking this [[symbolic]] [[structure]] fully into account, he insists that this is due not to any intrinsic quality and thus remaining at the level of the image in itself but [[imaginary]]; "any attempt to reduce [fantasy] to the place which it occupies in a symbolic structure; the fantasy imagination . . . is always 'an image set to work in a signifying structurepermanent misconception."<ref>{{E}} p.272</ref>
In the 1960s, [[Lacan]] criticises the devotes a whole year of his [[Kleinseminar]]ian account to discussing what he calls "the logic of fantasy for not taking this symbolic structure fully into account, and thus remaining at " again stressing the level importance of the imaginary; 'any attempt to reduce [[signification|signifying]] [[structure]] in [[fantasy] to the imagination . . ]. is a permanent misconception."<ref>{{ES14}} p.272</ref>
==References==
[[Category:Concepts]]
[[Category:Terms]]
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