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{{TopTopp}}aliénationalié[[nation]]]]'', [[German]]: ''[[Entfremdung{{Bottom}}

==Sigmund Freud==The term "[[alienation]]", used by does not constitute part of [[Jacques LacanFreud]], implies both 's [[psychiatrictheory|theoretical]] and [[philosophical:category:concepts|vocabulary]] references.

It does not constitute part of ==Jacques Lacan=====References===In [[FreudLacan]]'s [[theoryJacques Lacan:Bibliography|theoreticalwork]] the term implies both [[:category:concepts|vocabularypsychiatric]] and [[philosophical]]. references:

In ;Psychiatry[[LacanFrench]][[psychiatry]] in the nineteenth century (e.g. Pinel) conceived of [[mental]] [[illness]] as ''s [[Works of Jacques Lacanalienation|workaliénation mentale]] the '', and a common term implies both in [[psychiatricFrench]]for "[[madness|madman] and ]" is ''[[philosophicalalienation|aliéné]] references:.''<ref>{{Ec}} p. 154</ref>

==Psychiatry== ;PhilosophyThe term "[[Frenchalienation]] " is the usual [[psychiatrytranslation]] in for the nineteenth century (e.g. Pinel) conceived of mental illness as [[German]] term ''aliénation mentale[[alienation|Entfremdung]]'', and a common term which features in the '''[[Frenchphilosophy]] for "''' of [[madness|madmanHegel]]" is ''and [[alienation|aliénéMarx]].''<ref>{{Ec}} p. 154</ref>

==Philosophy== The term "However, the [[alienationLacan]]" is the usual translation for the ian [[Germanconcept]] term ''of [[alienation|Entfremdung]]'' which features differs greatly from the ways that the term is employed in the [[philosophyHegel]] of ian and [[HegelMarx]] and ist [[Marxtradition]].<ref>{{S11}} p. 215</ref>

However, the ===Subject===For [[Lacan]]ian concept of , [[alienation]] differs greatly from the ways is not an accident that befalls the term is employed in the '''[[Hegelsubject]]ian ''' and which can be transcended, but an essential constitutive feature of the '''[[Marxsubject]]ist tradition.<ref>{{Sll}} p'''.215</ref>

===Split Subject===For [[Lacan]], [[alienation]] is not an accident that befalls the [[subject]] and which can be transcended, but an essential constitutive feature of the [[subject]].  The [[subject]] is fundamentally '''[[split]]''', [[alienation|alienated]] from himself, and there is no escape from this [[division]], no possibility of "[[wholeness]]" or [[synthesis]].

[[Alienation]] is an inevitable consequence of the [[process ]] by which the '''[[ego]] ''' is constituted by '''[[identification]] ''' with the [[counterpart]]:

<blockquote>"the The initial synthesis of the ''ego '' is essentially an ''alter ego'', it is alienated."<ref>{{S3}} p.39</ref></blockquote>

In Rimbaud's [[words]], "I is an [[other]]."<ref>{{E}} p.23</ref>

Thus [[alienation]] belongs to the '''[[imaginary]] [[order]]''':

<blockquote>"Alienation is constitutive of [[the imaginary ]] order. Alienation is [[The Imaginary|the imaginary ]] as such."<ref>{{S3}} p.146</ref></blockquote>

Although [[alienation]] is an essential characteristic of all [[subjectivity]], '''[[psychosis]] ''' represents a more extreme [[form ]] of [[alienation]].

==="Extimacy"===[[Lacan]] coined the term "'''[[extimacy]]'' '" to designate the [[nature ]] of this [[alienation]], in which [[alterity]] inhabits the innermost core of the [[subject]].

[[Lacan]] devotes the [[whole ]] of chapter 16 of [[Seminar_XI|The Seminar, Book XI, The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis]] (1964a) to a [[discussion ]] of [[alienation]] and the related concept of '''[[separation]]'''.