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'''Wilhelm Fliess''' ([[1858]]–[[1928]]1858–1928) was a German [[otorhinolaryngology|otorhinolaryngologist]] who practiced in Berlin. On [[Josef Breuer]]'s suggestion, he attended several conferences of [[Sigmund Freud]] in [[1887]] in [[Vienna]], and the two soon formed a strong friendship. Through their extensive correspondences and a series of personal meetings ("congresses" as Freud described them), Fliess came to play an important part in the development of psychoanalysis.

Fliess developed several idiosyncratic theories, such as reflex nasal neuroses, postulating a connection between the nose and the genitals, and vital periodicity, forerunner of the popular concepts of [[biorhythm]]s biorhythms that never found scientific favor outside of psychoanalytic circles, though others, such as the idea of [[innate bisexuality]], were incorporated into Freud's theories. Freud referred occasional patients to him for treatment of their neurosis through anaesthetization of the nasal mucosa with [[cocaine]], and through nasal surgery. Together, Fliess and Freud developed a ''Project for a Scientific Psychology'', which was later abandoned. [[Emma Eckstein]] (1865-1924) had a particularly disastrous experience when Freud referred the then 27 year old analysand to Fliess for surgery to remove the [[turbinate bone]] from her [[nose]], ostensibly to cure her of premenstrual depression. Eckstein haemorrhaged profusely in the weeks following the procedure, almost to the point of death as infection set in. Freud consulted with another surgeon, who removed a piece of surgical gauze that Fliess had left behind<ref name="Monte">Monte Christopher F., [[1999]], ''Beneath the Mask: An Introduction to Theories of Personality (6th Edition)'', Chapter 2: Sigmund Freud - Psychoanalysis: The Clinical Evidence. Harcourt Brace College Publishers, Fort Worth TX.</ref>. Eckstein was left permanently disfigured, with the left side of her face caved in. Despite this, she remained on very good terms with Freud for many years, becoming a psychoanalyst herself.

[[Emma Eckstein]] (1865-1924) had a particularly disastrous experience when Freud referred the then 27 year old analysand to Fliess also remained close friends with Freudfor surgery to remove the turbinate bone from her nose, ostensibly to cure her of premenstrual depression. He even predicted Freud's death Eckstein haemorrhaged profusely in the weeks following the procedure, almost to be near the age point of 51death as infection set in. Freud consulted with another surgeon, through one who removed a piece of his complicated bio-numerological theories (surgical gauze that Fliess had left behind.<ref name="critical period calculationsMonte")>Monte Christopher F. Their friendship, however did not last to see that prediction out1999, ''Beneath the Mask: in 1904 their friendship disintegrated due An Introduction to FliessTheories of Personality (6th Edition)''s belief that , Chapter 2: Sigmund Freud had given details - Psychoanalysis: The Clinical Evidence. Harcourt Brace College Publishers, Fort Worth TX.</ref> Eckstein was left permanently disfigured, with the left side of a periodicity theory Fliess was developing to a plagiaristher face caved in. Incidentally Despite this, she remained on very good terms with Freud died at 83 for many years of age, becoming a psychoanalyst herself.

Fliess also remained close friends with Freud ordered that . He even predicted Freud's death to be near the age of 51, through one of his correspondence with Fliess be destroyedcomplicated bio-numerological theories ("critical period calculations"). It is known today only because [[Marie Bonaparte]] bought Their friendship, however did not last to see that prediction out: in 1904 their letters and refused friendship disintegrated due to Fliess's belief that Freud had given details of a periodicity theory Fliess was developing to permit their destructiona plagiarist. Incidentally Freud died at 83 years of age.

Interestingly Freud ordered that his correspondence with Fliess's son Robert later became an eminent psychoanalyst alsobe destroyed. It is known today only because Marie Bonaparte bought their letters and refused to permit their destruction.

[[Category:German surgeons|Fliess, Wilhelm]][[category:1858 births|Fliess, Wilhelm]][[Category:1928 deaths|Fliess, WilhelmPeople]]