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====Translation====

The [[French]] term ''[[parole]]'' presents considerable difficulty to the [[English]] translator because it does not correspond to any one [[English]] [[word]].

''[[Parole]]'' becomes one of the most important terms in [[Lacan]]'s work from the early 1950s on.

In his famous "[[Rome Discourse]]," [[Lacan]] denounces the way that the role of [[speech]] in [[psychoanalysis]] had come to be neglected by contemporary [[psychoanalytic theory]], and argues for a renewed focus on [[speech]] and [[language]].<ref>{{L}}. "[[Works of Jacques Lacan|Fonction et champ de la parole et du langage en psychanalyse]]," 1953a, in {{E}} p.237-322. ["[[The Function and Field of Speech and Language in Psychoanalysis]]," in {{E}}. p. 30-113]</ref>

[[Lacan]]'s use of the term ''[[parole]]'' owes little to [[Saussure]] -- whose opposition between ''[[parole]]'' and ''[[langue]]'' is replaced in [[Lacan]]'s work with the opposition between ''[[parole]]'' and ''[[langage]]'' -- and is far more determined by references to [[anthropology]], [[theology]], and [[metaphysics]].

Thus [[Freud]]'s [[interpretation]]s are described as "a symbolic gift of speech, pregnant with a secret pact."<ref>{{E}} p. 79</ref>

The concept of [[speech]] as a pact which assigns roles to both the addressee and the addresser is formulated in [[Lacan]]'s concept of [[founding speech]].

[[Lacan]] first makes this distinction in 1953, and though it no longer plays an important part in his work after 1955, it never disappears completely.

[[speech|Full speech]] articulates the [[symbolic]] dimension of [[language]], whereas [[empty speech]] articulates the [[imaginary]] dimension of [[language]], the [[speech]] from the [[ego]] to the [[counterpart]].

<blockquote>"Full speech is a speech full of meaning [sens]. Empty speech is a speech which has only signification."<ref>{{L}} [[Seminar XXIV|Le Séminaire. Livre XXIV. L'insu que sait de l'une bévue s'aile à mourre, 1976-77]]'', published in ''[[Ornicar?]]'', nos 12-18, 1977-9. p. 11</ref></blockquote>

[[Speech|Full speech]] is also called "[[speech|true speech]]," since it is closer to the enigmatic [[truth]] of the [[subject]]'s [[desire]]:

In [[speech|empty speech]], on the other hand, the [[subject]] is [[alienated]] from his [[desire]]; in [[speech|empty speech]] "the subject seems to be talking in vain about someone who . . . can never become one with the assumption of his desire."<ref>{{E}} p. 45</ref>

One of the [[analyst]]'s tasks when listening to the [[analysand]] is to discern the moments when [[speech|full speech]] emerges.

The [[end of analysis|aim]] of [[psychoanalytic treatment]] is to articulate [[speech|full speech]], which is hard work; [[speech|full speech]] can be quite laborious (''pénible'') to articulate.<ref>{{E}} p. 253</ref>

[[Speech|Empty speech]] is not the same as [[truth|lying]]; on the contrary, [[truth|lies]] often reveal the [[truth]] about [[desire]] more fully than many [[truth|honest]] [[statement]]s.<ref>{{S11}} p. 139-40</ref>

<blockquote>"I always tell the truth; not the whole truth, because we are not capable of telling it all. Telling it all is materially impossible."<ref>{{TV}} p.9</ref></blockquote>

[[Speech|Full speech]], then, is not the articulation in [[speech]] of the whole [[truth]] about the [[subject]]'s [[desire]], but the [[speech]] which articulates this truth as fully as possible at a particular [[time]].

[[Speech]] is the only means of access to the [[truth]] about [[desire]].

Moreover, [[psychoanalytic theory]] claims that it is only a particular kind of [[speech]] that leads to this [[truth]]; a [[speech]] without [[conscious]] [[master|control]], known as [[free association]].

{{See}}

* [[Communication]]

* [[Desire]]

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* [[Intersubjectivity]]

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{{Also}}

<references/>

[[Category:Psychoanalysis]]

[[Category:Jacques Lacan]]

[[Category:Dictionary]]

[[Category:Concepts]]

[[Category:Terms]]

{{OK}}

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