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The redirection =====Jacques Lacan=====[[Lacan]]s takes up the [[concept]] of [[sublimation]] in his [[seminar]] of sexual desire to "higher" aims1959-60. He follows [[Freud saw sublimation as a protection against illness]] in emphasizing the fact that the element of [[social]] [[recognition]] is central to the concept, since it allowed is only insofar as the subject to respond to sexual frustration (lack [[drive]]s are diverted towards this [[dimension]] of gratification of the sexual impulse) by taking a new aim shared social values that, though still "genetically" (Introductory Lectures 16they can be said to be sublimated.<ref>{{S7}} p.345) related to the sexual impulse, 144</ref> It is no longer properly sexual but social. In this way, civilization has been able to place "dimension of shared social aims higher than the sexual ones, values which are at bottom self-interested" (Introductory Lectures 16.345). This is not allows [[Lacan]] to say that tie in the "free mobility concept of the libido" (Introductory Lectures 16.346) is ever fully contained: "[[sublimation is never able to deal ]] with more than a certain fraction his [[discussion]] of libido" (Introductory Lectures 16[[ethics]].346)<ref>{{S7}} p.144</ref>
→Perversion: fixed typo
{{Top}}sublimate|sublimation{{Bottom}}
=====Sigmund Freud=====
In [[Freud]]'s [[work]], [[sublimation]] is a [[process]] in which the [[libido]] is channelled into apparently non-[[sexual]] activities such as artistic creation and [[intellectual]] work. [[Sublimation]] thus functions as a socially acceptable escape valve for [[excess]] sexual [[energy]] which would otherwise have to be [[discharged]] in socially unacceptable forms ([[perverse]] [[behavior]]) or in [[neurotic]] [[symptom]]s. The [[logical]] conclusion of such a view is that [[complete]] [[sublimation]] would mean the end of all [[perversion]] and all [[neurosis]]. However, many points remain unclear in [[Freud]]'s account of [[sublimation]].
=====Differences - Freud and Lacan=====
However, [[Lacan]]'s account of [[sublimation]] also differs from [[Freud]]'s on a [[number]] of points.
=====Perversion=====
[[Freud]]'s account implies that [[perversion|perverse sexuality]] as a [[form]] of direct [[satisfaction]] of the [[drive]] is possible, and that [[sublimation]] is only necessary because this direct form in prohibited by [[society]].
[[Lacan]] however rejects the concept of a zero degree of satisfaction, arguing that [[perversion]] is not simply a brute [[natural]] means of discharging the [[libido]], but a highly [[structure]]d relation to the [[drive]]s which are already, in themselves, [[linguistic]] rather than [[biological]] forces.
Whereas [[Freud]] believed that complete [[sublimation]] might be possible for some particularly refined or cultured [[people]], [[Lacan]] argues that "complete sublimation is not possible for the [[individual]]."<ref>{{S7}} p.91</ref>
=====Object=====
In [[Freud]]'s account, [[sublimation]] involves the redirection of the [[drive]] to a different (non-sexual) object. In [[Lacan]]'s account, however, what changes is not the object but its [[position]] in the [[structure]] of [[fantasy]].
In [[other]] [[words]], [[sublimation]] does not involve directing the [[drive]] to a different [[object]], but rather changing the [[nature]] of the [[object]] to which the [[drive]] was already directed, a "[[change]] of object in itself," something which is made possible because the [[drive]] is "already deeply marked by the articulation of the [[signifier]]."<ref>{{S7}} p. 293</ref>
The [[sublime]] quality of an [[object]] is thus not due to any intrinsic property of the [[object]] itself, but simply an effect of the [[object]]'s position in the [[symbolic]] [[structure]] of [[fantasy]].
=====Death Drive=====
While [[Lacan]] follows [[Freud]] in linking [[sublimation]] with [[creativity]] and [[art]], he complicates this by also linking it with the [[death drive]].<ref>{{S4}} p.431</ref>
Several reasons can be adduced to explain this.
# Firstly, the concept of the [[death drive]] is itself seen as a product of [[Freud]]'s own [[sublimation."<ref>{{S7}} p.212</ref>
# Secondly, the [[death drive]] is not only a "[[destruction]] drive," but also "a will to crate from zero."<ref>{{S7}} p.212-3</ref>
# Thirdly, the [[sublime object]], through [[being]] elevated to the dignity of the [[Thing]], exerts a [[power]] of [[fascination]] which leads ultimately to [[death]] and destruction.
==See Also==
{{See}}
* [[Art]]
* [[Death drive]]
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* [[Drive]]
* [[Ethics]]
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* [[Fantasy]]
* [[Libido]]
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* [[Structure]]
* [[Thing]]
{{Also}}
== References ==
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[[Category:Freudian psychology]][[Category:Psychoanalysis]][[Category:Jacques Lacan]][[Category:Dictionary]][[Category:Concepts]][[Category:Culture]]
[[Category:Terms]]
[[Category:ConceptsNew]][[Category:PsychoanalysisArt]] __NOTOC__
