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The Cartel in General

(The cartel is a (working) research group (of four members) (on a particular issue or topic) that works on (that meets regularly to study a topic) topics of clinical and theoretical interest for psychoanalysis.)



The accumulated practice since the invention of this institutional device has proved its fertility in the reading of reference texts, in the study of fundamental concepts and in the ongoing investigation of psychoanalysis.

(This Lacanian invention takes into account the effects of the group, and aims, by its structure and its functioning, at limiting these as much as possible.)

A cartel is created by a group of people who decide to work together in studying a particular aspect of psychoanalytic theory (which is of interest to them).


The school organizes work around a small-scale unit. In a school, research work is organized around a small-scale unit. Lacan sought to organize the research work around a small-scale unit.


The Purpose of the Cartel

A forum A small group


The purpose of the cartel is to

offer an original investigation (and a)

offer a novel relationship to the transmission of his teachings

(carry out the) (work on) study a (crucial problem of) (topic(s)) particular aspect of psychoanalytic theory (which is of interest to them) (of clinical and theoretical interest for psychoanalysis).

(through which research work in psychoanalysis can be achieved.)


The Members of the Cartel

Each group (we have a name to designate them) will be composed of at least three people, five a most, four is the right balance.”[1]

The cartel is a (working) study group that consists of (includes) (is composed of) (not less than) (at least) three to (nor more than) (at most) five - usually four - people (participants) (who are called "cartel members".

Each group (cartel) should be composed of

In 1980 Lacan stated that there should only be four members in a cartel.

The cartel is not restricted to members of the school.

Lacan saw the cartel as a structure that would serve to encourage the exchange of ideas between psychoanalysts and those from other disciplines.

Those interested in further reading and discussion of Lacan's works are welcome to join these study groups that are limited in number.

a working device (for those who practice psychoanalysis and for anyone who wishes to study it)

The Plus-One

Periodically the participants of the cartel present the progress of their work to an outside supervisor chosen and appointed at the start of the cartel; this supervisor is called the Plus-One.


"The conjunction of the four is effected around a Plus One, who, although it may be anybody, must be somebody. He or she is charged with watching over the internal effects of the enterprise and of producing its elaboration."[2]

"Plus One responsible for the selection, the discussion and the outcome to be accorded to the work of each."[3]

(This role is crucial for tactfully supporting the work of each member, handling critical moments and maintaining the distance between knowledge and truth.) (it favors the exposition of the product of the cartel's work.)

A supervisor - known as a 'plus-one' (French: plus-un) - moderates the group's work.

The cartel has one member who functions as a "plus-one".

The plus-one (as the fifth member of the cartel) is elected by the four members.

The "plus-one" is the person chosen by the cartel members.

The "plus-one" is the person in charge of the selection, the discussion and destination (the outcome) of the (to be accorded to the) work of each member.


The function (role) of the plus-one is to ensure that the cartel works toward its designated aim.

The plus-one is partly outside the group.

The plus-one is chosen and appointed at the start of the cartel.


The Duration of the Cartel

"To avoid the effect of gluing together, it must give rise to permutation in the fixed term of a year, two at most."[4]

"After a certain period of functioning the elements of the group will find themselves invited to permutate into another group."[5]

must give rise to permutation in the fixed term of a year, two at most.

The cartel lasts for no more than one or two years.

After this period it is dissolved.

This necessary conclusion helps to avoid the inertia evident in work groups that are never ending, which becomes an obstacle to the acquisition of new knowledge for the subject.


The Work of the Cartel

School of Psychoanalysis

”Four are chosen to pursue a work that must bear a product. A product of each member, not collectively.”[6]

The creation of a cartel is the occasion for each member to choose a theme or ‘trait’ of work: reading of a seminar, elaboration of a concept or a case, exploring the connections of psychoanalysis to other fields, etc.

The work carried out does not give rise to the collective product of a knowledge that implies the acceptance of the group.

It is up to each one, according to the moment of his or her relation to psychoanalysis, to verify what might have been modified in his or her relation with analytic knowledge.

The products of a cartel may be exposed at the study days of the cartels, which are the occasion for the work of the cartel to be made public.

Some of these works can also be made available in the different publications of the Freudian Field

A cartel has a starting time and a time of completion. A small group which meets for a limited duration (with the aim) Aim of working on a crucial problem of psychoanalysis.

((The cartel will continue with these members for a duration of two years, after which there will be a permutation of membership.))

Each participant is committed to producing an independent and original written research work on a shared topic.



Lacan formed the Ecole Freudienne de Psychanalyse (EFP).

Lacan based his school of psychoanalysis on the cartel as its basic (working) unit.

Lacan based his school - the Ecole Freudienne de Psychanalyse (EFP) - on cartel (as its basic working unit).

The psychoanalytic school is based on the cartel.

The cartel is the basic (working) unit of the school.



SCHOOL For Lacan, the work of the school is carried out by the cartel (rather than by way of seminars, courses, conferences or debates).

“The ethical and epistemological demand that Lacan gave voice to is supposed to be accomplished in a work, which is the work of the School, and this work is carried out by the cartel.”[7]

In Lacan’s intention, the work of the School […] passed by way of the cartel. By way of the cartel, that is to say: not by way of the seminars, courses, conferences or debates.[8]

THE CARTEL TODAY (Therefore) The cartel is an instrument of analytic formation. The cartel is an instrument in the training of analysts.

Most Lacanian associations continue to organize work in cartels today. The cartel has an important role in the training (French: formation) of Lacanian psychoanalysts.


MISCELLANEOUS Lacan hoped to avoid the effects of massification which he regarded as partly to blame for the sterility of the International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA).

  • Four – No progress is to be expected, except that of opening up, periodically, both the results as well as the critical moments of the work.
  • Five – Drawing by lots will ensure the regular renewal of the reference points created with the aim of vectorizing the group"[9]


See Also

==External links== World Association of Psychoanalysis

References